Migrasi Orang Jawa ke Asahan masa Kolonial

Abstract

This study aims to examine the Javanese migration to Asahan during the colonial period. The Javanese rank first in Asahan's population, although the indigenous people include Malays and Bataknese. So, this thesis discusses the reasons for the Javanese migrating to Asahan, and how the life of the Javanese in Asahan. The role of push and pull factors in driving Javanese migration is an important part of this research. This research uses both primary and secondary sources such as archives, photos, books, and other references. The results show that: First, the development of plantations in Asahan after the entry of 15 large Dutch and private companies in Afdeling Asahan. Currently, the plantations in Asahan are mostly controlled by PTPN and Bakrie Sumatra Plantations. Second, the arrival of the Javanese was brought in through illegal brokers, and usually, they were deceived by stories about the land of gold, could easily get women, and allowed gambling. Some were deliberately sold by the family because they had no money, some were kidnapped while watching a puppet show or something. Third, the development of the Javanese population in Asahan reached 51,962 (43.71%) according to the 1930 population census. Scattered in plantations part because the majority of Javanese were Kuli Kontrak (contract coolies). Fourth, the life of the Javanese is in the economic sector, the plantation had its own plantation token for the coolies. These tokens could not be used in other plantations. In the social sector that was very damaged due to the legalization of gambling and prostitution. The health of Javanese coolies in Asahan could be overcome by the presence of a polyclinic and a plantation hospital. Common diseases such as malaria and malnutrition.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang Migrasi orang Jawa ke Asahan masa Kolonial. Orang Jawa menempati urutan pertama dalam jumlah populasi di Asahan, walaupun penduduk asli seperti etnis Melayu dan Batak. Maka, permasalahan tesis ini membahas tentang alasan orang-orang Jawa melakukan migrasi ke Asahan, dan bagaimana kehidupan orang-orang Jawa di Asahan. Faktor-faktor pendorong dan penarik migrasi orang Jawa menjadi bagian penting di dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa sumber, baik primer maupun sumber sekunder seperti arsip, poto, buku dan referensi lainnya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan; Pertama, perkembangan perkebunan di Asahan setelah masuknya perusahaan Belanda dan Swasta sebanyak 15 perusahaan besar di Afdeling Asahan. Saat sekarang ini perkebunan di asahan banyak dikuasai oleh PTPN dan Bakrie Sumatra Plantations. Kedua, kedatangan orang-orang Jawa didatangkan melalui calo gelap maupun biro khusus pencai tenaga kerja. Mereka di bawa menuju Belawan maupun TanjungBalai untuk diperiksa kesehatan, kemudian mereka disebar dikantong-kantong perkebunan. Ketiga, perkembangan penduduk Jawa di Asahan mencapai 51.962 (43.71%) menurut sensus penduduk 1930. Tersebar dikantong-kantong perkebunan, karena mayoritas orang Jawa adalah Kuli kontrak. Keempat, kehidupan orang-orang Jawa bidang perekonomian, pihak perkebunan memiliki token perkebunan sendiri untuk para kuli. Token tersebut tida bisa digunakan di perkebunan lain. Dibidang sosial yang sangat rusak diakibatkan dengan dilegalkannya perjudian dan pelacuran. Kesehatan para kuli Jawa di Asahan bisa diatasi dengan adanya poliklinik dan Rumah Sakit perkebunan. Penyakit umum yang menyerang seperti malaria dan kekurangan gizi.