Efektivitas Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial dalam Meningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kecamatan Medan Johor

Abstract

Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial is cash assistance for poor families or an international term known as Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT). PKH is a social protection program that provides cash assistance to Very Poor Households (RTSM) and for members of Beneficiary Families (KPM) that have a health component (under-five and pregnant women), education (elementary, middle and high school children), and wealth social (elderly and social disability). This program, in the short term aims to reduce the burden of RTSM and in the long term is expected to break the inter-generational chain of poverty, so that the next generation can get out of the poverty trap. The effectiveness of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial is measured from several indicators, namely the accuracy of the target, the implementation of program socialization, the achievement of program objectives, and program evaluation. This research was conducted in Medan Johor District. The research used in this thesis is descriptive research with quantitative research methods. Quantitative descriptive research uses words, images, and not fully numbers when data is collected. The population in this study was 2,589 and using the multi-stage sampling method, through the proportionate stratified and simple random sampling stages, the sample was 259 KPM. The results of the study indicate that in general the implementation of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial in Medan Johor District has been running effectively. However, there are still some aspects that have not fully fulfilled the effectiveness of this program, such as officers (assistants) who have not carried out their duties properly, Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) who often do not attend group meetings, as well as problems such as zero balance, damaged or missing cards it has not been replaced, and KPM's behavior and point of view regarding this assistance from the Government has not been correct.

Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial merupakan sebuah bantuan tunai bersyarat kepada keluarga miskin atau dalam istilah internasional dikenal dengan Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). PKH adalah program perlindungan sosial yang memberikan bantuan tunai kepada Rumah Tangga Sangat Miskin (RTSM) dan bagi anggota Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) yang memiliki komponen kesehatan (balita dan ibu hamil), pendidikan (anak SD, SMP, dan SMA), dan kesejahteraan sosial (lansia dan disabilitas sosial). Program ini, dalam jangka pendek bertujuan mengurangi beban RTSM dan dalam jangka panjang diharapkan dapat memutus mata rantai kemiskinan antar generasi, sehingga generasi berikutnya dapat keluar dari perangkap kemiskinan. Efektivitas Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial diukur dari beberapa indikator yaitu ketepatan sasaran, pelaksanaan sosialisasi program, tercapainya tujuan program, dan evaluasi program. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Medan Johor. Yang digunakan dalam penelitian tesis ini penelitian deskriptif dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan kata-kata, gambar, dan bukan sepenuhnya angka ketika data dikumpulkan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 2.589 dan dengan menggunakan metode multi stage sampling, melalui tahap proportionate stratified dan simple random sampling diambil sampel sebanyak 259 KPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Kementerian Sosial di Kecamatan Medan Johor sudah berjalan secara efektif. Namun, masih ada beberapa aspek yang belum sepenuhnya memenuhi keefektivitasan program ini, seperti petugas (pendamping) yang belum melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik, Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) yang sering tidak hadir pertemuan kelompok, serta permasalahan seperti saldo nol, kartu rusak atau hilang yang belum ada gantinya, serta perilaku dan sudut pandang KPM mengenai bantuan dari Pemerintah ini yang belum benar.