Uji Kemampuan Jamur Keratinolitik yang Diisolasi dari Tanah Peternakan Ayam dan Kambing dalam Mendegradasi Limbah Bulu Ayam

Abstract

An effort to get fungal isolate which are potential to degrade chicken feather has been conducted. This study aimed to identify and determine the potency of keratinolytic fungi isolated from chicken and goat livestock soil to degrade chicken feather waste. Keratinolytic fungi were isolated from chicken and goat livestock soil located in Desa Bangun Sari, Serbajadi District and Dusun II Desa Tanjung Putus, Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai. Keratinolytic fungi were tested for their proteolitic activity on skim milk agar. Keratinolytic activity was assayed using Feather Meal Broth medium incubated for 10 days. Forty-six isolates were characterized based on their morphology characteristic including colony shape and color the fungal colonies. Eight isolates encoded as A2, A7, A12, A18, A29, A31, K1, and K2 showed to have selectively high keratinolytic activities by totally reducing of chicken feather weight. Fungal identification based on their ITS rDNA region showed that K2 and A18 isolate was closely related to Microascus chartarus strain CBS 294.52 and Penicillium citrinum strain 5110033, with similarity of 98.22% and 100%, respectively.

Upaya untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur potensial dalam mendegradasi limbah bulu ayam telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menguji potensi jamur keratinolitik yang diisolasi dari tanah di sekitar peternakan ayam dan kambing dalam mendegradasi limbah bulu ayam. Jamur keratinolitik diisolasi dari tanah peternakan ayam dan peternakan kambing yang berada di Desa Bangun Sari, Kecamatan Serbajadi dan Desa Tanjung Putus Dusun II, Kecamatan Pegajahan, Serdang Bedagai. Jamur keratinolitik diujikan aktivitas proteolitiknya pada media Skim Milk Agar. Uji kemampuan jamur keratinolitik dalam mendegradasi limbah bulu ayam menggunakan media Feather Meal Broth yang diinkubasi selama 10 hari. Empat puluh enam isolat yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi berdasarkan warna koloni jamur. Delapan isolat jamur dengan kode isolat A2, A7, A12, A18, A29, A31, K1, dan K2 memiliki kemampuan dalam mendegradasi bulu ayam dengan perubahan berat bulu ayam 100%. Identifikasi jamur menggunakan ITS menunjukkan isolat K2 memiliki nilai kemiripan 98,22% dengan Microascus chartarus strain CBS 294.52 dan isolat A18 memiliki nilai kemiripan 100% dengan Penicillium citrinum strain 5110033.