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    Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Pengelolaan Hutan di Indonesia Melalui Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) dan Perhutanan Sosial

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    Date
    2020
    Author
    Arif
    Advisor(s)
    Suhaidi
    Syahrin, Alvi
    Runtung
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    Abstract
    Penelitian ini berjudul Tanggung Jawab Negara Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan di Indonesia Melalui Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) dan Perhutanan Sosial. Latar belakang penelitian ini dilakukan karena Indonesia adalah negara pemilik sumber daya hutan hujan tropis terbesar ketiga dunia setelah Brazil dan Aljazair. Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 mengamanahkan bumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Tanggung jawab negara memberikan hak kepada negara untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya alam berdasarkan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam, selain itu memberi tanggung jawab kepada negara untuk memastikan bahwa aktivitas pengelolaan hutan dalam yurisdiksinya tidak akan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan di negara lain. Pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia diarahkan secara kelembagaan melalui Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) dan Program Perhutanan Sosial sebagai upaya pelestarian hutan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di sekitar kawasan hutan. Rumusan masalah yang diajukan adalah bagaimana tanggung jawab negara dalam pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia ? Bagaimana pengelolaan hutan Indonesia sebagai bagian dari ekosistem global ? Mengapa pengelolaan hutan belum mampu mencegah terjadinya kerusakan hutan di Indonesia ? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode juridis normative dengan pendekatan statute approach dan historical approach. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan cara melakukan kajian pustaka dan penelitian lapangan. Kajian pustaka meliputi berbagai Konvensi Internasioanl yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan hutan secara khusus dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam secara umum. Penelitian lapangan melibatkan informan dari berbagai instansi yang mengelola kehutanan di pusat dan daerah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tanggung jawab negara dalam pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia sudah dilakukan melalui berbagai regulasi baik pusat maupun daerah, namun masih menunjukan adanya tumpang tindih peraturan baik secara vertikal maupun horizontal. Tanggung jawab negara dalam pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia tidak saja dilakukan untuk kelestarian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang ada di dalam atau di sekitar kawasan hutan, namun juga dilakukan untuk tujuan penyelematan lingkungan global melalui berbagai skema pemanfaatan hutan untuk pengendalian perubahan iklim. Di sisi lain, kerusakan hutan di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi sebagai akibat dari belum efektifnya lembaga pengelolaan hutan di tingkat tapak dalam hal ini Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan dan masih lemahnya penegakan hukum serta belum efektifnya pemanfaatan hutan berbasis perhutanan sosial, termasuk pemberdayaan masyarakat hukum adat.
     
    This research entitles The State Responsibility in Managing Forests in Indonesia Trough the Forest Management Unit (KPH) and Social Forest. The study background of this study is the Indonesia tropical rainforests area which is considered as the third largest after Brazil and Algeria. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that the land and the waters as well as the natural riches therein are to be controlled by the state to be exploited to the greatest benefit of the people. State responsibility provides rights to the government in exploiting the natural resources based on management policy, and it also allows the government to ensure that the activities in exploiting and managing the forests in term of legal jurisdiction will not cause environmental damages to other nations. Forest management in Indonesia is directed institutionally through the Forest Management Unit (KPH) and the Social Forestry Program as an effort to preserve forests and the welfare of the community around the forest area. The proposed research questions in this study are how is the state's responsibility in managing forests in Indonesia ? How is Indonesia’s forest managing as part of a global ecosystem? Why forest management have not been able to prevent forests damages in Indonesia? This study employed juridical normative method with statutory and historical approaches. Data collection was performed via literature review and field observation. The literature review was carried out by collecting various international conventions related to the forests and natural resources management mechanisms. Field observation was conducted by interviewing informant from various central and regional institutions that are responsible to supervise forests. The findings showed that the state responsibility in managing forests in Indonesia has been performed via regulations that are issued from both the central and regional governments, however, overlapping regulations which were found in a vertical and horizontal way are occurred. The responsibility that has been performed is not merely to maintain forests preservation and to be exploited for social welfare for people who are located inside or nearby the forests, but it is also implemented to recover global ecosystems through forests protection schemes in controlling the climate change. On the other hand, forests damages in Indonesia tend to be higher as ineffectiveness of forests management institutions in field sites which is the Forests Management Unit, and weak law enforcement as well as ineffectiveness of forests managements based on social forestry and customary legal empowerment.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/31808
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
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    Theme by 
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