Respon Anatomi Akar dan Daun Tebu Berastagi (Saccharum officinarum L.) terhadap Penurunan Ketersediaan Air Tanah

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the anatomical responses of Berastagi sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under limited groundwater. This research was conducted from June 2019 to November 2019 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, FMIPA USU, Medan, North Sumatera. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five levels of groundwater availability i.e. 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results showed that the Berastagi sugarcane responded significantly to the reduction of abaxial stomatal density, root tip diameter, hydraulic diameter of root xylem, middle root xylem hydraulic diameter, middle root aerenchyma thickness, tip root aerenchyma thickness, middle root cortex thickness, tip root cortex thickness, thickness of root stele and middle root stele thickness. Berastagi sugarcane did not respond significantly under limited groundwater availability in terms of stomata density of adaksial leaves, diameter of root base, middle diameter of root, hydraulic diameter of xylem root tip, root base aerenchyma thickness, root base cortex base thickness, root tip stele thickness, ratio of cortex and stele root base thickness, ratio of cortex and middle stele root thickness, and ratio of cortex and stele root tip thickness. Berastagi sugarcane responded to 50% of limited groundwater by increasing the density of abaxial leaf stomata, adaxial leaf stomata density, middle root diameter, root base aerenchyma thickness, root base cortex thickness, middle root stele thickness, ratio of cortex and root base stele thickness. While the under 75% treatment, there were increased of density of abaxial leaf stomata, root base diameter, root tip diameter, root tip aerenchyma thickness, root tip stele thickness, ratio of cortex and root base stele thickness, ratio of cortex and middle stele thickness of Berastagi sugarcane in its anatomical root (Saccharum officinarum L.).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon anatomi tebu Berastagi (Saccharum officinarum L.) akibat penurunan ketersediaan air tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Agustus 2019 sampai bulan November 2019 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan dan Kultur Jaringan Tumbuhan FMIPA USU, Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima taraf penurunan ketersediaan air tanah 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tebu Berastagi merespon penurunan ketersediaan air tanah dengan nyata terhadap variabel kerapatan stomata daun abaksial, diameter ujung akar, diameter hidraulik xilem pangkal akar, diameter hidraulik xilem tengah akar, tebal aerenkim tengah akar, tebal aerenkim ujung akar, tebal korteks tengah akar, tebal korteks ujung akar, tebal stele pangkal akar dan tebal stele tengah akar. Tebu Berastagi tidak merespon penurunan ketersediaan air tanah dengan nyata terhadap variabel kerapatan stomata daun adaksial, diameter pangkal akar, diameter tengah akar, diameter hidraulik xilem ujung akar, tebal aerenkim pangkal akar, tebal korteks pangkal akar, tebal stele ujung akar, rasio tebal korteks dan stele pangkal akar, rasio tebal korteks dan stele tengah akar, rasio tebal korteks dan stele ujung akar. Tebu Berastagi merespon penurunan ketersediaan air tanah 50% dengan meningkatkan kerapatan stomata daun abaksial, kerapatan stomata daun adaksial, diameter tengah akar, tebal aerenkim pangkal akar, tebal korteks pangkal akar, tebal stele tengah akar, rasio tebal korteks dan stele pangkal akar. Sedangkan ketersediaan air tanah 75% dapat meningkatkan kerapatan stomata daun abaksial, diameter pangkal akar, diameter ujung akar, tebal aerenkim ujung akar, tebal stele ujung akar, rasio tebal korteks dan stele pangkal akar, rasio tebal korteks dan stele tengah akar anatomi tebu Berastagi (Saccharum officinarum L.).