Doctor-patient interaction: A Systemic Functional Analysis

Abstract

This dissertation deals with doctor-patients interaction in a hospital called Pirngadi General Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. The interaction between doctor and patients (as a text) is the main source of the reasearch and the data of the research are clauses in the interaction itself.. The paper uses systemic functional linguistics (Halliday, 2004) as the main theoretical framework, following the top-down approach to analysis; particularly from the analysis of the consultation in terms of field, tenor and mode down to the analysis of the consultation in terms of transitivity. The results of transitivity systems analysis of the doctor-patient interaction show that there were no wide gaps between major and minor processes. From the analysis of transitivity systems, the gap of using major and minor processs in their interactions was not in big different between doctor and patient clauses in use, i.e. Major processes (74.3% vs. 79.4) and minor 38.7% vs. 25,8%. About the participants in the transitivity systems of the text, they depend on the existence of the processes. The participants of Ment.Pr.areSenser and Phenom. The participants of Mat.Pro.are Actor and Goal. The participants of Exist.Pro.are Existent and Existing. The numbers of percentage of participants in these processes were the same but in some occassions they were optional. The results of the analysis of circumstance indicate that Circ.Acc.) dominated the use of the circumstance, i.e. 46.8%. With the exceptional of Circ.Man., i.e. 17.7%, the rests (Circ.Cont., Circ.Mat., Circ.Cause., Circ.Ext., Circ.Cont.) were called minor circumstances because their existence in the clauses were small, i.e. 7.5%, 8.8%, 15.1%, 3.7% (for both Circ.Ext.S and Circ.Ext.T), and 7.5% respectively.The system network of the clauses showing the role, commodity, and orientation of the speech functions. The role of speech functions shows giving and demanding. For demanding, it relates to question, information, and initiating question. The numbers of Major processes between doctor-patient processes, i.e. 74.3% vs. 79.4 and minor processes, i.e. 38.7% vs. 25,8%. indicate that the interactions between doctor and patient can be said as the successful one. The analysis of Field, Tennor, and Mode with the porposes of getting information related to a system which help illustrate any socio-linguistic occurrence.In the Field the speakers have to take decisions about what terminology to use, to what extent the speaker’s context is familiar to the target language hearer, the type of grammatical structures to adopt (active/passive). The interactions were between male doctor and female patient and male doctor and male patient in the hospital.The mode of a text tells about the method the text appears to have been produced in. Mode is an element of the textual metafunction of a text. The Mode of a text can be modelled as a point in a continuum defined by axes such as: (1) The spoken/written axis;(2) The action/reflection axis; and (3) Interactivity. The results of this analysis show the system network of the clauses showing the role, commodity, and orientation of the speech functions. The role of speech functions shows giving and demanding.

Disertasi ini membahas tentang interaksi dokter-pasien di RSU Pirngadi Medan, Indonesia. Interaksi dokter-pasien (sebagai sebuah teks) merupakan sumber data utama dalam penelitian ini dan data utamanya adalah klausa yang terdapat dalam interaksi tersebut. Teori yang digunakan adalah LFS (Halliday, 2004) sebagai kerangka teori utama mengikuti pendekatan analisis top-down, khususnya dari analisis konsultasibidang, tenor, dan modus turun ke analisis transitivitas. Hasil analisis sisten transitivitas menunjukkan tidak adanya gap yang lebar antara proses mayor dan minor dalam interaksi. Hasil Proses-proses mayor adalah (74.3% bandingan 79.4) sedangkan minor adalah (38.7% bandingan 25,8%). Mengenai partisipan dalam analisis sistem transitivitas terhadap teks tersebut, hasilnya sangat bergantung pada kemunculan proses. ParticipanMent.Pr.yakniSenserdanPhenom. ParticipanMat.Pro. yakniAktordanGol. ParticipanExist.Pro. yakniExistendan Existing. Jumlah persentase partisipan dalam proses-proses tersebut adalah sama dengan pengecualian adanya opsional pada klausa tertentu. Hasil analisis sirkumstan menunjukkanCirc.Acc. mendominasidengan total 46.8% penggunaan. SelebihnyaCirc.Man., berjumlah 17.7%, Circ.Cont., Circ.Mat., Circ.Cause., Circ.Ext., Circ.Contdisebutsirkumstan minor karenakeberadaannyadalamklausasedikityaitusecaraberurutan 7.5%, 8.8%, 15.1%, 3.7% (for both Circ.Ext.SdanCirc.Ext.T, dan 7.5%.Sistem jaringan klausa menunjukkan peran, komoditas, dan orientasi fungsi ujaran. Peran fungsi ujaran menunjukkan pemberian dan kebutuhan . Untuk kebutuhan dikaitkan dengan pertanyaan, informasi, dan menginisiasi pertanyaan. Jumlah proses mayor antara proses interaksi dokter-pasien yaitu 74.3% bandingan 79.4 dan proses minor yaitu 38.7% bandingan 25,8% yang menunjukkanbahwainteraksidokter-pasiendapatdisimpulkanberhasil. Analisis Bidang, Tenor, dan Modus dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai sistem yang dapat membantu ilustrasi tentang kejadian yang berkaitan dengan sosiolinguistik. Dalam Bidang penutur mengambil keputusan mengenai terminologi yang digunakan, dalam bidang apa saja konteks penutur yang terbiasa untuk ttarget pendengar, tipe struktur gramatika yang digunakan (aktif/pasif). Interaksinya adalah antara dokter laki-laki dan pasien perempuan. Modus teks menyebutkan perihal metode teks muncul seperti yang dihasilkan. Modusnya berupa unsur tekstual metafungsi sebuah teks. Modus sebuah teks dapat dimodelkan sebagai suatu titik dalam keberlanjutan yang disebut aksis, seperti (1) aksis lisan/tulisan, (2) aksis aksi/refleksi; dan (3) aksis interaktivitas. Hasil analisisnya menunjukkan jaringan sistem clausa pada teks yang dianalisis menunjukkan peran, komoditas, dan orientasi fun