Pembuatan Selulosa Hidroksi Metil Ester Lemak Sawit dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Tkks) dan Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat (ALSD)

Abstract

Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) is one of the solid waste plant oil palm, which amount almost equal to the amount of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Palm oil EFB contains cellulose which is can be used as a source of cellulose. Derivative of cellulose from palm oil EFB that can be made cellulose acetate. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by product of palm oil refinery which amount for about 3.5% of the CPO is processed. PFAD contains about 50% unsaturated fatty acid that can be utilized as raw material for epoxy compounds. The reaction between cellulose acetate with an epoxy fatty acid are expected to biopolymers that can be useful and economically valuable. Separation of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated in the PFAD performed by means of Short Path Molecular Distillation Plant type KDL 5. The process of epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid has been successfully characterized by falling iodine value from 64.5 to 2.0 g I2/100 g sample and 2.23 g of oxirane O/100g of samples. Epoxidation reaction is optimum at a reaction time of 6 hours. Isolation of cellulose from palm oil EFB with base is obtained yield of 63.15%. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectra of cellulose from palm oil EFB is same with the spectra of cellulose standard. Acetylation of cellulose from palm oil EFB can be done by the presence of acetyl content of 43.05% at 40 ° C for 20 min reaction time. FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate from palm oil EFB appeared in 1.756 cm-1 are typical for group-C = O ester acetate. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate from palm oil EFB exactly the same FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate standard. The reaction between cellulose acetate from palm oil EFB with the epoxy compound in dry methanol solvent in the presence of sodium methoxy has been done. Products of reaction (cellulose hydroxyl palm fatty methyl ester) is a white solid with the yield 47 % and acetil contents 1.76 % and oxygen oxiranes 0. This result showed reduce the acetil content in the produsct and has no oxygen oxiranes. There are noticeable differences in the FTIR spectra of cellulose hydroxyl palm fatty methyl ester with cellulose acetic or cellulose. Thus alleged to have occurred between cellulose acetate reaction with the epoxy fatty methyl ester compound become to cellulose hydroxyl palm fatty methyl ester.

Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) is one of the solid waste plant oil palm, which amount almost equal to the amount of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Palm oil EFB contains cellulose which is can be used as a source of cellulose. Derivative of cellulose from palm oil EFB that can be made cellulose acetate. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by product of palm oil refinery which amount for about 3.5% of the CPO is processed. PFAD contains about 50% unsaturated fatty acid that can be utilized as raw material for epoxy compounds. The reaction between cellulose acetate with an epoxy fatty acid are expected to biopolymers that can be useful and economically valuable. Separation of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated in the PFAD performed by means of Short Path Molecular Distillation Plant type KDL 5. The process of epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acid has been successfully characterized by falling iodine value from 64.5 to 2.0 g I2/100 g sample and 2.23 g of oxirane O/100g of samples. Epoxidation reaction is optimum at a reaction time of 6 hours. Isolation of cellulose from palm oil EFB with base is obtained yield of 63.15%. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectra of cellulose from palm oil EFB is same with the spectra of cellulose standard. Acetylation of cellulose from palm oil EFB can be done by the presence of acetyl content of 43.05% at 40 ° C for 20 min reaction time. FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate from palm oil EFB appeared in 1.756 cm-1 are typical for group-C = O ester acetate. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate from palm oil EFB exactly the same FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate standard. The reaction between cellulose acetate from palm oil EFB with the epoxy compound in dry methanol solvent in the presence of sodium methoxy has been done. Products of reaction (cellulose hydroxyl palm fatty methyl ester) is a white solid with the yield 47 % and acetil contents 1.76 % and oxygen oxiranes 0. This result showed reduce the acetil content in the produsct and has no oxygen oxiranes. There are noticeable differences in the FTIR spectra of cellulose hydroxyl palm fatty methyl ester with cellulose acetic or cellulose. Thus alleged to have occurred between cellulose acetate reaction with the epoxy fatty methyl ester compound become to cellulose hydroxyl palm fatty methyl ester.