Analisis Epidemiologis Efek Paparan Debu ( Total Suspended Particulates) terhadap Kondisi Kesehatan Karyawan Petugas Pintu Tol Belmera Medan

Abstract

Air was mixed by various kinds of gases. Air quality in Indonesia now is showing degradation. The increase of economic development has made the industrialization and transportasion became higher and they has been contributed to the increased of air polution, include the Total Suspended Partculates (TSP). Vehicle trasnportations are the major contributor for the increasing of air polution on the street. Highway gate employees are the most susceptible affected by The Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), because they work all day around vehicle emissions. The results of this thesis was to know the content of Total the Suspended Particulates in the ambient highway Belmera gates and the contents of Plumbum (Pb) on the ambient air of higway Belmera Gates. And also to know the contents of Plumbum (Pb) on the blood of the employees. The Haemoglobine contents and the health condition of the employees. This study was cross-sectional study with t-test significancy and the X2 and Anova test. The results are the higher contents of Total Suspended Particulates is on The Amplas Gate (926µg/m3), so do the Plumbum (Pb) contents (1.368µg/m3). The Plumbum (Pb) mean on the employees blood are still under the assaulth of WHO. And there is a significant differences within the gate employees and non gate employees.. The haemoglobine was still normal. Health status of the employees is significancy different (p=0,001).Where are the gate-employees feel eye sickness are 53,1%, breathe sickness are 46,9%, concentration 62,5% and remembrance are 37.5%. but non-gate employees feel no one of these sickness. All of the employees habe had routine medical check-up every year. And hope they will have a good condition with their jobs.

Udara merupakan campuran dari berbagai macam gas. Kualitas udara perkotaan di Indonesia menunjukkan kecenderungan mengalami penurunan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi telah meningkatkan kegiatan industri dan trasnportasi yang berkontribusi pada peningkatan pencemaran udara. Terutama Total Suspended Particulates (TSP). Kendaraan bermotor dalam hal ini adalah kintributor paling utama dalam terjadinya peningkatan pencemaran udara di jalanan. Karyawan petugas pintu tol adalah yang paling rentan terhadap paparan Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) karena mereka langsung bekerja di tengah emisi kendaraan bermotor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui paparan Total Suspended Particulates di tiap gerbang tol Belmera dan paparan Plumbum yang ada dalam Total Suspended Particulates tersebut di udara ambient gerbang tol dan juga dalam kadar darah petugas pintu tol serta kadar Hb darah dan kondisi kesehatan karyawan. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross-sectional, dengan uji t dan X2 dimana diperoleh hasil bahwa kadar Total Suspended Particulates tertinggi adalah di gerbang tol Amplas (926µg/m3). Kadar Pb ambient tertinggi juga terdapat di Gerbang Tol Amplas (1,368µg/m3).Sedangkan kadar Pb dalam darah karyawan pintu tol dan karyawan non pintu tol berbeda (p=0,01) meskipun semuanya masih di baah nilai ambang batas. Demikian juga kadar Hb darah responden semua dalam kondisi normal. Kondisi kesehatan karyawan pintu tol berbeda dari karyawan non pintu tol. Dimana karyawan pintu tol mengalami gangguan penglihatan 53,1%, gangguan pernafasan 46,9%, gangguan konsentrasi 62,5%, dan gangguan daya ingat sebesar 37,5%. Sedangkan karyawan non pintu tol tidak ada yang mengeluhkan gangguan kesehatan ini. PT Jasa Marga sebagai pengelola jalan tol Belmera Medan sudah secara rutin melaksanakan medical check-up terhadap seluruh karyawan tetap mereka. Dan diharapkan karyawan petugas pintu tol ini akan mendapat perhatian lebih dari pimpinan terutama dalam pengaturan shift kerja.