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    Efek Komposisi dan Aging terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Fisis pada Pembuatan Aerated Concrete(Beton Berpori)

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    Date
    2009
    Author
    Nasution, Suarni
    Advisor(s)
    Marlianto, Eddy
    Syukur, Muhammad
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    Abstract
    The aerated light weight concrete have been made from mixture of cement, sand and or fly ash, CaCO3 and aluminium catalyst. On the making of light weight aerated concrete, there are two observation variables, there are: a. variation of raw sand - fly ash material composition and b. The drying process are: autoclave (pressure 1.5 bar) and naturally (conventional). The variation of raw sand material composition and fly ash are: 60 : 0, 50 : 10, 40 : 20, 30 : 30, 20 : 40, 10 : 50 and 0 : 60 (% weight). The light weight aerated concrete that was dried using autoclave pressure 1.5 bar, made with the variation time: 20, 40 and 60 minute. While variations of natural drying time at room temperature are: 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The preparation procedures of light weight aerated concrete have several steps: raw material compositioning, mixing, forming, drying, hardening (ageing), and its characterization. The characterizations are density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, shrinkage, thermal conductivity, coefficient of sound absorption, and microstructural analysis using SEM and XRD. From the research that using naturally (conventional) with 14 days ageing time, shows that at the composition of 50 % sand and 10 % fly ash is the optimum condition. At that condition, the characteristic are: density = 0.91 g/cm3, water absorption = 54 %, compressive strength = 2.07 MPa, flexural strength = 1 MPa, shrinkage = 0.115 %, thermal conductivity = 0.237 W / m. K, optimum coefficient of sound absorption = 12.62 % (at frequency of 125 Hz), and the dominant phases are quartz (Q) and calcite (C), and have average pore size about 100 - 600 ?m. On the quick drying process condition that using autoclave at pressure 1.5 bar, the optimum condition was obtained with ageing time during 40 minute, composition of 30 % sand and 30 % fly ash. At this condition, the aerated light weight concrete have the characteristics: density = 0.87 g/cm3, water absorption = 59.45 %, compressive strength = 4.33 MPa, flexural strength = 2.28 MPa, shrinkage = 0.012 %, thermal conductivity = 0.314 W/m. K, optimum coefficient of sound absorption = 39.17 % (at frequency of 125 Hz), and the dominant phase are quartz (Q) and tobermorite (T), and has average pore size about 1 - 200 ?m.
     
    Telah dibuat beton ringan berpori dari campuran semen, pasir dan atau fly ash, CaCO3 dan menggunakan katalis aluminium. Pada pembuatan beton ringan berpori terdapat dua variabel penelitian, yaitu: a. variasi komposisi bahan baku pasir - fly ash dan b. proses pengeringan dengan menggunakan autoclave bertekanan 1,5 bar dan secara alami (konvensional). Variasi komposisi bahan baku pasir dan fly ash masing-masing dibuat: 60 : 0, 50 : 10, 40 : 20, 30 : 30, 20 : 40, 10 : 50 dan 0 : 60 (% berat). Pengeringan beton ringan berpori menggunakan autoclave bertekanan 1,5 bar, dibuat dengan variasi waktu: 20, 40 dan 60 menit. Sedangkan variasi waktu pada pengeringan secara alami (suhu kamar) adalah: 7, 14, 21 dan 28 hari. Adapun prosedur pembuatan beton ringan berpori adalah melalui tahapan: penimbangan bahan baku, pencampuran, pencetakan, pengeringan dan pengerasan (ageing) serta pengujiannya. Besaran yang diuji meliputi: densitas, penyerapan air, kuat tekan, kuat patah, penyusutan, konduktivitas termal, daya serap suara dan analisa mikrostruktur dengan menggunakan SEM dan XRD. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada komposisi 50 % pasir dan 10 % fly ash, melalui proses pengeringan secara alami (konvensional) dengan waktu pengerasan selama 14 hari merupakan kondisi optimum. Pada kondisi ini, karakteristiknya adalah sebagai berikut: densitas = 0,91 g/cm3, penyerapan air = 54 %, kuat tekan = 2,07 MPa, kuat patah = 1 MPa, penyusutan = 0,115 %, konduktivitas termal = 0,237 W/m.K, tingkat penyerapan suara optimum sebesar 12,62 % (pada frekuensi 125 Hz), fasa dominan quartz (Q) dan calcite (C), serta ukuran pori sekitar 100 – 600 ?m. Pada proses pengeringan cepat menggunakan autoclave bertekanan 1,5 bar, kondisi optimum diperoleh dengan waktu pengerasan selama 40 menit, komposisi: 30 % pasir dan 30 % fly ash. Pada kondisi ini menghasilkan karakteristik beton ringan berpori sebagai berikut: densitas = 0,87 g/cm3, penyerapan air = 59,45%, kuat tekan = 4,33 MPa, kuat patah = 2,28 MPa, penyusutan = 0,012 %, konduktivitas termal = 0,314 W/m.K, tingkat penyerapan optimum sebesar 39,17 % (pada frekuensi 125 Hz), mempunyai fasa dominan quartz (Q) dan tobermorite (T), serta ukuran pori sekitar 1 - 200 ?m.

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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
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