Evaluasi Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perdesaan Kecamatan Kebayakan, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah Provinsi Aceh

Abstract

Development should be a process that facilitates people to develop their life as their choice. Poverty in developing countries, especially in Indonesia is still a major problem in the process of national development. Starting from 2007 until 2014, the Indonesian government launched the National Program for Community Empowerment in Rural Areas (PNPM-MPd) as one of the flagship programs in order to alleviate poverty in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. Through qualitative research with descriptive method was evaluated achievements of PNPM-MPd in Sub-district Kebayakan, District Aceh Tengah, Aceh Province. The evaluation was done based on the objectives set by the program in order to be used as teaching material in the formulation of public policy in the future. Variables examined included the evaluation of the level of participation, the institutionalization of participatory development, local governance capacity building, provision of basic social infrastructure, the institutionalization of the management of revolving funds, the institutionalization of cooperation body between villages, and cooperation among stakeholders. The results showed that the level of community participation in PNPM-MPd in Sub-district Kebayakan quite high, especially in the construction of facilities and basic social infrastructure, but the high level of participation of the PNPM-MPd activities are not followed by institutionalization participatory development because of the inability of PNPMMPD realize the independence of the public. The women's savings and credit groups’ management has failed with high rates of arrears due to the absence of the process of preparing and strengthening community capacity so that these funds are often used for consumptive activitie

Pembangunan seharusnya merupakan proses yang memfasilitasi manusia mengembangkan hidup sesuai pilihannya. Kemiskinan di negara-negara berkembang terutama di Indonesia masih menjadi permasalahan utama dalam proses pembangunan nasional. Mulai tahun 2007 hingga tahun 2014 Pemerintah Indonesia meluncurkan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perdesaan (PNPM-MPd) sebagai salah satu program unggulan dalam rangka pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia terutama di perdesaan. Melalui riset kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dievaluasi capaian PNPM-MPd di Kecamatan Kebayakan Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan tujuantujuan yang ditetapkan oleh program tersebut agar dijadikan bahan pembelajaran dalam merumuskan kebijakan publik di masa depan. Variabel evaluasi yang diteliti meliputi tingkat partisipasi, pelembagaan pembangunan partisipatif, pengembangan kapasitas pemerintahan lokal, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana sosial dasar, pelembagaan pengelolaan dana bergulir pelembagaan badan kerja sama antar desa, dan kerja sama antar pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat pada PNPM-MPd di Kecamatan Kebayakan cukup tinggi terutama pada kegiatan pembangunan sarana dan prasarana sosial dasar, namun tingginya tingkat partisipasi pada proses kegiatan PNPM-MPd tidak diikuti dengan melembaganya pembangunan partisipatifnya karena ketidakmampuan PNPM-MPd mewujudkan kemandirian masyarakat. Pengelolaan simpan pinjam kelompok perempuan telah gagal dengan tingginya angka tunggakan karena tiadanya proses penyiapan dan penguatan kapasitas masyarakat sehingga dana tersebut kerap digunakan untuk kegiatan konsumtif.