Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Genteng Komposit Polimer dari Campuran Resin Poliester, Aspal, Styrofoam Bekas dan Serat Panjang Ijuk

Abstract

The research on the manufacture and characterization of polymer composite tile using a mixture of palm fibers, polyester, asphalt, sand aggregate and Styrofoam waste has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in composition and fiber orientation angle of the characteristics of the tile roofed. The composition of Polyester, asphalt, Styrofoam is made constant of 29%, 5% and 1% of the total weight of the sample, while the composition of sand and palm fiber varied by comparison; (65%: 0%), (64%: 1%), (63%: 2%), (62%: 3%), (61%: 4%) and (60%: 5%). Characterization testing performed included density, water absorption, tensile test, flexural test, impact test, and the ability of the flame. The results show that the characteristics of the tile is strongly influenced by the weight fraction of fiber and fiber orientation angle. The optimum characteristics are achieved in the composition (29:5:1:61:4), and obtained 1.76 gr/cm3 density, water absorption 0.87%, 79.34 kgf/cm2 tensile strength, flexural strength of 230.46 kgf/cm2, impact strength of 1.8 J/cm2, the specimen ignition time of 19.67 seconds and the distance of the specimen burns of 30 seconds by 12 mm. The addition of palm fiber is as much as 4% can increase the tensile strength of up to 321.18%, 203.39% up to flexural strength and impact strength up to 718%. Mechanical properties is maximum at the angle of 0o, and minimum at 90 ° orientation, but the natural of the physical and thermal properties of the resulting tiles are not affected by changes in the fibers angle orientation.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan dan karakterisasi genteng komposit polimer menggunakan campuran serat ijuk, poliester, aspal, styrofoam bekas dan agregat pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi komposisi dan orientasi sudut serat ijuk terhadap karakteristik genteng. Komposisi poliester, aspal, styrofoam yang digunakan tetap, yaitu 29%, 5% dan 1% dari berat total sampel, sedangkan komposisi pasir dan serat ijuk divariasikan dengan perbandingan; (65% : 0%), (64% : 1%), (63% : 2%), (62% : 3%), (61% : 4%) dan (60% : 5%). Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kerapatan, daya serap air, uji tarik, uji lentur, uji impak, dan uji kemampuan nyala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik genteng sangat dipengaruhi oleh fraksi berat serat dan orientasi sudut serat. Karaktristik optimum dicapai pada komposisi (29:5:1:61:4), dan diperoleh kerapatan 1,76 gr/cm3, daya serap air 0,87%, kekuatan tarik 79,34 kgf/cm2, kekuatan lentur 230,46 kgf/cm2, kekuatan impak 1,8 J/cm2, waktu penyalaan spesimen adalah 19,67 detik dan jarak bakar spesimen selama 30 detik sebesar 12 mm. Penambahan serat ijuk sebanyak 4% dapat menambah kekuatan tarik hingga 321,18%, kekuatan lentur hingga 203,39% dan kekuatan impak hingga 718%. Sifat mekanik genteng maksimal pada sudut 0o, dan minimum pada sudut orientasi 90o, namun sifat fisis dan sifat termal genteng yang dihasilkan tidak dipengaruhi oleh adanya perubahan sudut orientasi serat ijuk.