Optimalisasi Budidaya Kol Merah (Brassica oleraceae L. var. capitata f. rubra DC) dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus L.) pada Sistem Kolam Terpal Akuaponik Terpadu

Abstract

Aquaponic cultivation is an innovation in the fulfillment of fish and vegetable food needs. The types of fish and vegetables that have not been widely cultivated in aquaponics are tilapia and red cabbage. These are commodity have a variety of advantages and high production so it is necessary to conduct an aquaponic assessment of tilapia and red cabbage using liquid organic supplements of plants. This research was conducted gradually, namely the preparation of red cabbage seeds and fish seeds, fermentation of water, acclimatation of fish and research treatment. These are commodity have a variety of advantages and high production so it is necessary to conduct an aquaponic assessment of tilapia and red cabbage using liquid organic supplements of plants. This research was conducted gradually, namely the preparation of red cabbage seeds and fish seeds, fermentation of water, acclimatation of fish and research treatment. The research design uses a completely randomized design (RAL) with four treatments and five replays. The treatment used by giving of liquid organic supplement concentrations merk SO plants that differ in the integrated aquaponic tarpaulin pond system is treatment1 (0 ml / l), treatment2 (2.5 ml / l), treatment3 (5 ml / l) and treatment4 (7.5 ml / l) with each pond as much as 25 fish / pond. Aquaponic watering technique using DFT (Deep Flow Technique). Variables of red cabbage include the morphometry of the red cabbage plant (height of the plant, number of leaves, relative growth rate of the plant, time of formation of krop cabbage, diameter of krop cabbage and wet weight). Chemical analysis of red cabbage includes water content, protein, carbohydrates, fats, nutrient absorption P and anthocyanins. Tilapia variables include relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio and fish survival. The supporting variables of tilapia are temperature and pH of water. The results showed that the treatment of the concentration of liquid organic supplements of plants had a noticeable effect on the height of the plant, the number of leaves, the relative growth rate of the plant, the time of formation of the krop cabbage, the diameter of the red cabbage krop and the wet weight. The nutritional content of red cabbage has a water content of 79.8-84.5%, fat 0.12-1.20%, carbohydrates 6.05-7.46%, protein 3.25-3.75%, nutrient absorption P 0.31-0.63% and anthocyanin levels 225.18- 253.23 mg/L. Data of tilapia research with aquaponic system using tepal ponds include the relative growth rate of tilapia ranging from 2.84 - 3.90%/day, Tilapia feed conversion ratio ranges from 2.01- 2.77%/day, tilapia survival ranges from 88-92% and water physical factors i.e. temperatures range from 26.28- 28.87 oC and pH ranges from 7.24-7.5.

Budidaya akuaponik merupakan inovasi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan ikan dan sayur. Jenis ikan dan sayur yang belum banyak dibudidayakan dalam akuaponik adalah ikan nila dan kol merah. Komoditas ini memiliki berbagai kelebihan dan produksi yang tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian akuaponik ikan nila dan kol merah dengan menggunakan suplemen organik cair tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu persiapan benih kol merah dan benih ikan, fermentasi air, aklimatiasi ikan dan perlakuan penelitian. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dengan pemberian konsentrasi suplemen organik cair tanaman merk SOC yang berbeda dalam sistem kolam terpal akuaponik terpadu yaitu perlakuan1 (0 ml/ l), perlakuan2 (2,5 ml/l), perlakuan3 (5 ml/l) dan perlakuan4 (7,5 ml/l) dengan masing-masing kolam sebanyak 25 ekor ikan/ kolam. Teknik pengairan akuaponik menggunakan teknik DFT (Deep Flow Technique). Variabel kol merah meliputi morfometri tanaman kol merah (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, laju pertumbuhan relatif tanaman, waktu pembentukan krop kol, diameter krop kol dan berat basah). Analisis kimia kol merah meliputi kandungan air, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, serapan hara P dan antosianin.Variabel ikan nila meliputi laju pertumbuhan relatif, rasio konversi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan. Variabel pendukung ikan nila yaitu suhu dan pH air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi suplemen organik cair tanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah helai daun, laju pertumbuhan relatif tanaman, waktu pembentukan krop kol, diameter krop kol merah dan berat basah. Kadar gizi kol merah memiliki kandungan air 79,8-84,5%, lemak 0,12-1,20%, karbohidrat 6,05-7,46%, protein 3,25-3,75%, serapan hara P 0,31-0,63% dan kadar antosianin 225,18- 253,23 mg/L. Data hasil penelitian ikan nila dengan sistem akuaponik dengan menggunakan kolam tepal meliputi laju pertumbuhan relatif ikan nila berkisar 2,84 - 3,90%/hari, rasio konversi pakan ikan nila berkisar 2,01- 2,77%/hari, kelangsungan hidup ikan nila berkisar 88- 92% dan faktor fisik air yaitu suhu berkisar 26,28- 28,87 oC dan pH berkisar 7,24-7,5.