Pengaruh Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Ibu terhadap Kadar T3,T4 dan TSH Bayi Baru Lahir

Abstract

Background Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants is associated to the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. There are many factors that influence the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants. A baby of anemic mother has lower haemoglobin level than non anemic mother. Several studies were suggested that iron deficiency anemia in neonate can influence the work of thyroid peroxydase (TPO) enzyme to produce thyroid hormones. A study reported that iron deficiency anemic mothers had lower thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3) concentrations, and this condition can influence haemoglobin level and thyroid function in newborn. Objective To determine the effects of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy to newborn’s T3, T4, and TSH level. Methods A cross-sectional study in determining effects of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy to newborn’s T3, T4, and TSH level was performed in September to December 2009 in two public hospitals, enrolled newborns with the criteria (term, single pregnancy, labor, birth weight ≥2500-4000, APGAR score ≥7). Mother’s blood was taken for complete blood count, T3, T4, and ferritin level to get the baseline data of iron deficiency anemia. The newborn was placed onto the mother’s abdomen before the umbilical cord was cut, and then the haematocrit, haemoglobin, ferritin, T3, T4, and TSH level were measured from the umbilical blood vein in 24 hours of life. Results The average of T3, T4, and TSH level of 40 newborns whose mother’s were iron deficiency anemia, were 2.23 nmol/L (SD 1.20 nmol/L), 8.54 ug/dL (SD 6.18 ug/dL), 15.45 uIU/mL (SD 3.95), respectively. Several babies had anemia with hemoglobin level <14 g%. There was no significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy with T3 (P= 0,96), and TSH (P=0,294) level of the newborn, but significant relation present in T4. Conclusion There was no significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy with T3 and TSH level of the newborn, but significant relation present in T4.