Perbandingan Status Nutrisi antara Anak dengan dan Tanpa Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths

Abstract

Background. Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH) are still public health problem in developing country. The prevalence is high mainly in rural population with low socioeconomic level. Soil transmitted helminths as a single or mixed infection rarely cause death but can affect nutrition, growth, cognitive development and human health. Methods. A cross sectional study was done on June 2010 in 3 schools in Kecamatan Kabanjahe,Kabupaten Karo. Faecal examination by Kato-Katz method was done to diagnose STH infection. We divided participants into two groups (positive and negative helminths). Data was collected with consecutive sampling. Classification of nutritional status determined by measurement of body weight and body height based on WHO NCHS CDC 2000. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS (Version 14.0 for Windows). All catagorical data were analyzed by using chi-square test. We also used chi-square test to assess the association between intensity of STH infection and nutritional status of STH infected children. Results. Two hundred and eighty children enrolled in this study (140 infected children and 140 uninfected children). Statistically, there was a significant association between nutritional status and STH infection. We also found a significant difference between intensity of a single or mixed STH infection and nutritional status. Conclusions. There was a significant difference on nutritional status between STH infected and uninfected children. We also found a significant differences on intensity of STH infection and nutritional status. Keywords. Nutritional status, soil transmitted helminths infection, intensity of STH infection.

Latar Belakang. Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang. Prevalensinya tinggi terutama pada daerah pedesaan dengan tingkat sosioekonomi yang rendah. Infeksi STH dapat tunggal ataupun campuran, dimana jarang menyebabkan kematian namun dapat mempengaruhi status nutrisi, pertumbuhan, perkembangan kognitif dan kesehatan. Metode. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2010 di 3 sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Kabanjahe,Kabupaten Karo. Pemeriksaan feses berupa metode Kato-Katz dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis infeksi STH. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive yaitu 140 anak dengan infeksi STH dan 141 anak tanpa infeksi STH. Penentuan klasifikasi status nutrisi berdasarkan NCHS WHO CDC 2000. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan komputer dengan SPSS versi 14.0. Untuk melihat hubungan antara infeksi STH dan status nutrisi digunakan uji chi-square. Uji chi-square ini juga digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara derajat intensitas infeksi dan status nutrisi anak. Hasil. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan status nutrisi antara anak dengan dan tanpa infeksi STH. Pada penilaian terhadap derajat intensitas infeksi dan status nutrisi anak, didapati bahwa derajat intensitas infeksi STH baik yang tunggal (A.lumbricoides atau T.trichiura) maupun campuran (A.lumbricoides dan T.trichiura) dapat mempengaruhi status nutrisi anak Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan status nutrisi antara anak dengan dan tanpa infeksi STH. Derajat intensitas infeksi STH baik pada infeksi tunggal (A.lumbricoides atau T.trichiura) maupun campuran (A.lumbricoides dan T.trichiura) dapat mempengaruhi status nutrisi anak. Kata kunci. Status nutrisi, infeksi STH, intensitas infeksi