Komposisi Komunitas Cacing Tanah pada Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Anorganik (Studi Kasus Kajian Cacing Tanah Untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Tanah di Desa Raya Kecamatan Berastagi Kabupaten Karo)

Abstract

The study had been done in the Raya village, Berastagi Sub District, Karo District, North Sumatra and Animal Systematics Laboratory Department Biology, of North Sumatra University, Medan in January to Aprch 2013. The study conducted by purposive random sampling using the method of least squares and hand sorting and then analyzing nutrients (organic C, N, P and K) with a combination of treatments that organic farms OMCo (control = no earthworms), OMCa (inoculation Pheretima sp. earthworm) and OMCb (inoculation Pontoscolex corethrurus earthworm). On treatment using inorganic agricultural land that is AnMCo (control = no earthworms), AnMCa (inoculation of Pheretima sp. earthworms) And AnMCb (inoculation P. corethrurus earthworm). The results of field research found 1 family Glocossicidae species (P. corethrurus) and 3 species of family Megascolidae (Amynthas sp., Megascolex sp., And Pheretima sp.). Density of earthworms in organic farming (128,000 ind/m2) and inorganic (73,600 ind/m2). There are differences in community composition of earthworms on organic farms (Pheretima sp. 50,833%, P. corethrurus 40,000%, Amynthas sp. 7,500%, Megascolex sp. 1,667%) and inorganic (P. corethrurus 49,275%, Pheretima sp. 46,377%, Amynthas sp. 4,348%). P. corethrurus and Pheretima sp. is a characteristic species of earthworms in organic and inorganic agricultural land. Soil nutrient analysis results showed no increase in the elements C, N and K when compared with the results of the nutrient analysis of organic and inorganic agricultural areas.

Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Raya, Kecamatan Berastagi, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara dan di Laboratorium Sistematika Hewan Depatermen Biologi, Univesitas Sumatera Utara, Medan pada bulan Januari - April 2013. Penelitian dilakukan secara purposive random sampling dengan menggunakan metode kuadrat dan hand sorting serta menganalisis unsur hara (C-organik, N, P dan K) dengan kombinasi perlakuan yaitu tanah pertanian organik, OMCo (kontrol = tanpa cacing tanah), OMCa (inokulasi cacing tanah Pheretima sp.) dan OMCb (inokulasi cacing tanah Pontoscolex corethrurus). Pada perlakuan yang menggunakan tanah pertanian anorganik yaitu AnMCo (kontrol = tanpa cacing tanah), AnMCa (inokulasi cacing tanah Pheretima sp.) dan AnMCb (inokulasi cacing tanah P. corethrurus). Hasil penelitian lapangan ditemukan 1 spesies famili Glocossicidae (P. corethrurus) dan 3 spesies famili Megascolidae (Amynthas sp., Megascolex sp. dan Pheretima sp.). kepadatan cacing tanah pada pertanian organik (128,000 ind/m2) dan anorganik (73,600 ind/m2). Ada perbedaan komposisi komunitas cacing tanah pada lahan pertanian organik (Pheretima sp. 50,833%, P. corethrurus 40,000%, Amynthas sp. 7,500%, Megascolex sp. 1,667%) dan anorganik (P. corethrurus 49,275%, Pheretima sp. 46,377%, Amynthas sp. 4,384%). P. corethrurus dan Pheretima sp. merupakan jenis cacing tanah yang karakteristik pada lahan pertanian organik dan anorganik. Hasil analisis unsur hara tanah menunjukkan ada peningkatan unsur C, N dan K bila dibandingkan dengan hasil analisis unsur hara pada areal pertanian organik dan anorganik.