Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi dan Intake Zat Gizi dengan Tinggi Badan Anak Baru Masuk Sekolah (TBABS) pada Daerah Endemis Gaky di Kecamatan Parbuluan Kabupaten Dairi Tahun 2008

Abstract

Body Height of School Age Child still becomes a health problem in the endemic area of GAKI (Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium/ Iodine Deficiency Disorder). Energy, protein and iodine are the element of nutrient influencing the child’s growth and development. The survey conducted in Parbuluan Sub-district, a GAKI endemic area in Dairi District in 2008 shows that 56,5% of the children were stunted. The purpose of this analytical survey with case control approach is to analyze the relationship of socio-economy and nutrient intake with the body height of school age children in Parbuluan Sub-district. The population were the families which have children in grade 1 of Primary School and have lived in study area for at least 6 months. Of the 444 children, 62 of the children (31 for case group and 31 for control group) are selected to be samples for this study. The data obtained were analyzed through Chi-square (bivariate analysis) and multiple logistic regression (multivariate analysis) test at the level of confidence of 95 %. The result of this study shows that there are significant relationship between the variables of mother’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, energy intake, protein intake and iodine intake with the height of school age children in Parbuluan Sub-district. The result of multiple logistic regression test shows that the variables energy intake iodium and protein intake are predictors to the height of school age children. It is expected that the District Health Office of Dairi to do some efforts to manage the iodine lack-caused disorder in the Elementary School students through food diversification, distribution of food supplement to the schools, increasing the frequency of community health extension activities

Tinggi Badan Anak Usia Baru Sekolah (TBABS) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan pada daerah endemik Gangguan Akibat Kekurang Iodium (GAKY). Energi, protein dan iodium adalah unsur gizi yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Survei awal di daerah endemis GAKY yaitu Kecamatan Parbuluhan Kabupaten Dairi pada Januari 2008, terdapat 56,5% anak termasuk stunted. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan case control study yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan sosial ekonomi dan intake zat gizi dengan TBABS pada daerah endemis GAKY di Kecamatan Parbuluan Kabupaten Dairi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga yang mempunyai anak sekolah dasar (Anak SD kelas 1) di Kecamatan Parbuluan di Kabupaten Dairi sebanyak 444 orang, dan sampel terpilih sebanyak 62 anak terdiri dari 31 kasus dan 31 kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan variabel pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ayah, dan pekerjaan ibu, variabel intake energi, intake protein, dan intake yodium dengan TBABS pada daerah Endemis GAKY di Kecamatan Parbuluan Kabupaten Dairi. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan variabel intake iodium dan intake protein merupakan variabel prediktor terhadap TBABS. Diharapkan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Dairi mengupayakan secara intensif penanggulangan penyakit Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium pada anak SD melalui penganekaragaman makanan, pemberian Suplemen Iodium ke sekolahsekolah serta peningkatan penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat.