Pengaruh Orientasi Serat Sabut Kelapa dengan Resin Polyester terhadap Karakteristik Papan Lembaran

Abstract

A research to produce resin polyester composite board and fiber of coconut coir as wall panel has been carried out. The coconut coir’s fiber strukture and percentage have an effect on the making of board sheet characteristic as a wall panel. Percentage variation of fiber weight that conducted are 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with unidirectional formation fiber, traverse and disorder. The composite board characteristic was tested using stretch, flexure and impact testing. Digital thermal analysis (DTA) was conducted to know the change of critical temperature of composite board produced. The characteristic of specimen surface morphology analysis is conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The average of stretch testing result shows that the most optimal percentage of fiber weight is at 20% which is 275,3 kg.f/cm2. Flexure testing shows that the most optimal is unidirectional formation at percentage of fiber weight at 20% was 556,4 kg.f/cm2 and the impact testing shows that the most optimal crossed formation percentage of fiber weight is at 20% was 3,86 joules/mm2. Thermal analysis indicates that the change of mechanical strength for critical temperature was at the average of 660C. The SEM analysis explains that specimen surface that well distributed has less defect with void size of 5 –50 μm at unidirectional of fiber with variation of fiber weight percentage 20%. The flamable testing shows that the most optimal composite board average is when condition of coir fiber percentage coconut is at 20% with blaze ability of 654,5 second in 5 cm. It was concluded that the formation of the board sheet and the percentage of coconut coir fiber with resin polyester have an effect on the making and the characteristic of the composite.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan papan komposit resin polyester dan serat sabut kelapa sebagai panel dinding. Bentuk susunan dan persentase serat sabut kelapa berpengaruh terhadap pembuatan dan karakteristik papan lembaran sebagai panel dinding.Variasi persentase berat serat yang dilakukan 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% dan 30% dengan serat susunan searah, silang dan acak. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik papan komposit dilakukan pengujian tarik, lentur dan impak. Selanjutnya dilakukan Analisa Termal DTA untuk mengetahui perubahan suhu kritis papan komposit yang dihasilkan. Dan untuk menganalisa karakteristik morfologi permukaan spesimen dilakukan analisa Scanning Electron Mikroscop (SEM). Hasil pengujian kuat tarik rata-rata yang paling optimal adalah pada persentase berat serat 20% sebesar 275,3 kg.f/cm2. Pengujian lentur yang paling optimal adalah susunan searah pada persentase berat serat 20% sebesar 556,4 kg.f/cm2 dan pengujian kuat impak yang paling optimal adalah susunan silang pada persentase berat serat 20% sebesar 3,86 joule/mm2. Analisa termal menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kekuatan mekaniknya akan berubah pada kondisi suhu kritis rata-rata 660C. Dijelaskan pada analisa SEM bahwa permukaan spesimen yang terdistribusi secara merata adalah sedikit cacat dan voidnya dengan ukuran 5 – 50 μm pada kondisi serat susunan searah dan variasi persentase berat serat 20%. Hasil pengujian kemampuan nyala api papan komposit rata-rata paling optimal adalah kondisi persentase serat sabut kelapa 20% dengan mampu nyala 654,5 detik sepanjang 5 cm. Disimpulkan bahwa bentuk susunan dan persentase serat sabut kelapa dengan resin polyester berpengaruh terhadap pembuatan dan karakteristik papan komposit.