Analisis RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) Populasi Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze genetic diversity based on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in North Sumatra Region. Thirty accessions of mangosteens from North Sumatra Region were screened for RAPD marker. Thirty accessions were TS1, TS2, TS3, TS5, TS5, Sim1, Sim2, Sim3, DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS5, Srg1, Srg2, Srg3, Srg4, Srg5, Lkt1, Lkt2, Lkt3, Lkt4, Lkt5, Lkt6, Lkt7, Lkt8, Lkt9, Lkt10, Lkt11, Lkt12. The genetic data was analyzed by DARwin 5.05 software. Ten random RAPD primers were chosen to differentiate the accessions, led a total of 70 polymorphic bands. Dice’s coefficient of dissimilarity ranged 0.06 – 0.48. The cluster analysis depicted that thirty accessions formed three main cluster. A principal coordinate analysis resulted 38.11% of the molecular variation. Average of PIC value was 0.447, suggested that 10 RAPD primers used may be suitable for mangosteen. Two accessions, namely Lkt1 and Lkt6 from Langkat District has been shown to have a specific material to cluster themselves and was distinguishable from other accessions originated from Langkat.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik populasi manggis alam di daerah Sumatera Utara berdasarkan marka RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Tiga puluh aksesi manggis Sumatera Utara dianalisis keragaman genetiknya dengan menggunakan 10 marka RAPD. Aksesi tersebut meliputi TS1, TS2, TS3, TS5, TS5, Sim1, Sim2, Sim3, DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS5, Srg1, Srg2, Srg3, Srg4, Srg5, Lkt1, Lkt2, Lkt3, Lkt4, Lkt5, Lkt6, Lkt7, Lkt8, Lkt9, Lkt10, Lkt11, Lkt12. Perhitungan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan program DARwin 5.05. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 70 pita polimorfis dengan 10 primer RAPD. Koefisien dissimilarity Dice berkisar 0.06 – 0.48. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kluster, 30 aksesi manggis terbagi menjadi 3 group utama. Nilai PCoA (faktorial analisis) keragaman molekuler yang dapat dinyatakan oleh aksis 1 dan 2 pada 10 primer RAPD dengan 30 aksesi sampel sebesar 38.11%. Aksesi Lkt1 dan Lkt6 yang berasal dari Langkat diduga memiliki materi spesifik karena mengelompok sendiri saja dibandingkan aksesi yang berasal dari Langkat lainnya.