Karakterisasi dan Keragaman Sifat–Sifat Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Kambing Peranakan Etawa di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan keragaman sifat kualitatif khususnya warna bulu, bentuk muka, telinga, tanduk dan punggung sekaligus sifat kuantitatif bagian tubuh serta bobot badan pada kambing peranakan etawa di kabupaten serdang bedagai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 6 kecamatan di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai yang terdapat 3 dataran yaitu Kecamatan Bintang Bayu dan Kecamatan Kotarih terdapat di datang tinggi, Kecamatan Dolok Masihul dan Kecamatam Dolok Merawan terdapat di dataran sedang, Kecamatan Pantai Cermin dan Kecamatan Pegajahan terdapat di dataran rendah. Total sample kambing Peranakan Etawa yang diamati sebanyak 182 ekor berjenis kelamin Betina dan Jantan umur dewasa. Peubah yang di amati adalah sifat kuantitatif dan sifat kualitatif diantaranya panjang kepala, lebar kepala, tinggi kepala, dalam dada, lebar dada, tinggi pundak, bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan warna bulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September – Desember 2020, data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menghitung nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasi pada setiap sifat yang diamati sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi. Analisis korelasi digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ukuran-ukuran tubuh terhadap bobot badan dengan alat bantu program SPSS 16, menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada sifat kualitatif menyatakan bahwa kambing peranakan etawa sudah mengalami percampuran genetik dengan kambing kacang yang ditandai dengan garis muka menunjukan 58% datar, bentuk tanduk 87% bertanduk, bentuk telinga 60% setengah menjuntai, dan bentuk punggung 74% lurus. Pada warna bulu 24% warna bulu cokelat dan putih sudah sesuai dengan syarat SNI. Sedangkan pada sifat kuantitatif menunjukan bahwa hasil bobot badan, panjang badan, tinggi pundak, jantan dan betina sudah sesuai dengan rentang nilai rata-rata pada syarat SNI, pada lingkar dada betina menunjukan sudah sesuai dengan syarat SNI, namun pada lingkar dada kambing jantan lebih rendah dari nilai rata-rata SNI dengan kondisi keragaman yang sedang 5-15% dan korelasi bobot badan dengan lingkar dada menunjukan nilai yang sangat tinggi atau korelasi sempurna.

This study aims to determine the characteristics and diversity of qualitative traits, especially coat color, face shape, ears, horns and back as well as the quantitative properties of body parts and body weight of Etawa crossbreed goats in Serdang Bedagai district. This research was conducted in 6 sub-districts in Serdang Bedagai Regency, which have 3 plains, namely Bintang Bayu District and Kotarih District which are located in highlands, Dolok Masihul District and Dolok Merawan District are located in the moderate plains, Pantai Cermin District and Pegajahan District are located in the lowlands. Total samples of Etawa crossbreedgoat goats were observed as many as 182 male and adult male. The variables observed were quantitative and qualitative traits including head length, head width, head height, chest width, chest width, shoulder height, body weight, chest circumference, body length, and coat color. This research was conducted in September - December 2020, the data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average value and standard deviation of each observed trait, while the qualitative data were analyzed based on the frequency distribution. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between body measurements and body weight using the SPSS 16 program, using survey and interview methods. Based on the results of research on qualitative characteristics, it is stated that the Etawa crossbreed goat has experienced genetic mixing with the Kacang goat, which is characterized by the facial line showing 58% flat, horn shape 87% horned, ear shape 60% half dangling, and back shape 74% straight. In 24% fur color, brown and white fur are in accordance with SNI requirements. While the quantitative properties show that the results of body weight, body length, shoulder height, male and female are in accordance with the average value range on the SNI requirements, the female chest circumference shows that it is in accordance with SNI requirements, but the male goat's chest circumference is lower. from the average value of SNI with moderate diversity conditions of 5-15% and the correlation of body weight with chest circumference shows a very high value or perfect correlation.