Hubungan Faktor Resiko pada Pendonor Darah dengan HIV Reaktif Positif Secara Rapid Test HIV Tiga Metode di PMI Medan

Abstract

Background. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major problem that threatens Indonesia and many countries in the world. State of the HIV / AIDS cause multidimensional crisis even death because once infected with HIV will be infected. The risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion by 90% where the period of 1990 to the top of the newly discovered blood donor infected with HIV and the number is gradually increasing. The transmission of HIV through risky behavior also ,.Examination of Rapid Test HIV uses three methods of HIV when used properly and effectively detect early HIV virus. This study aims to determine the relationship of risk factors in blood donors with reactive HIV Rapid Test HIV positive three methods PMI Medan. Methode. This study is a diagnostic test on blood samples of donors who are considered at risk who voluntarily donate their blood in places donor. The sample used was a blood donor at risk are examined from December 2015 to June 2016. Inclusion criteria were all donors attending PMI and PMI community attended criteria: eligible donor set PMI, ever injecting drug use, tattoos or piercing, ever had sex with are not spouses, tattoos or had tattoos or piercings, likes the same sex (homosex), never went to the dermatologist and had received blood transfusions. The exclusion criteria were not eligible donor set PMI, and are not willing to participate in research. The collection of primary data from the results of the three methods Rapid HIV Test in places where blood donation held PMI. Results. The results showed that the age of blood donors at risk of being at the age of 20 -29 years old (58.67%) with the male gender. The characteristics of the test results in a blood sample can be 19 (0.25%) of 75 HIV positive reactive blood samples risky and 6 samples (0.08%) indeterminate Rapid Test kit of reagents which are most effective check is oncoprobe. There was a significant relationship of the statistical test positive reactive incident HIV Rapid Test HIV three methods with p=0.031 where most reactive positive have more than one riskfactor. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship the use of Rapid HIV Test with risk factor.

Latar Belakang. HIV/ AIDS merupakan masalah besar yang mengancam Indonesia dan banyak negara di dunia. Keadaan ini menyebabkan krisis multidimensi bahkan kematian karena sekali terinfeksi akan tetap terinfeksi. Resiko penularan HIV melalui perilaku beresiko dan transfusi darah sebesar 90%. Periode tahun 1990 ke atas baru ditemukan darah donor terinfeksi HIV dan jumlahnya makin meningkat. Pemeriksaan memakai Rapid Test HIV tiga metode bila digunakan secara benar dan efektif dapat mendeteksi secara dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor resiko pada pendonor darah dengan HIV reaktif positif dengan Rapid Test HIV tiga metode di PMI Medan. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah uji diagnostik dengan memakai Rapid Test HIV tiga metode pada sampel darah pendonor yang dianggap beresiko di lokasi donor sejak Desember 2015 sampai Juni 2016 dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu memenuhi syarat donor yang ditetapkan PMI dan pendonor beresiko seperti penasun, bertato/ tindik, sex bebas, homosex, pernah berobat kulit dan pernah menerima transfusi darah. Kriteria eksklusi adalah tidak memenuhi syarat donor yang ditetapkan PMI dan tidak bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Pengumpulan data primer hasil pemeriksaan langsung di lokasi donor. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna kejadian reaktif positif HIV secara Rapid Test HIV tiga metode dengan nilai p = 0,031 dimana sebagian besar reaktif positif memiliki lebih dari satu faktor resiko. Dari 75 sampel darah beresiko di dapat 19 sampel darah (0,25%) reaktif positif HIV dan 6 sampel (0,08%) indeterminate dan reagen yang paling efektif memeriksa adalah oncoprobe. Kesimpulan. Didapat penderita dengan hasil reaktif positif HIV secara Rapid Test HIV tiga metode memiliki faktor resiko lebih dari satu.