Inventarisasi Jamur Makroskopis di Kawasan Ekowisata Bukit Lawang Langkat Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Inventory research in the area of macroscopic fungi Ecotourism Langkat Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra, had been conducted in February 2010 until April 2010. Preliminary survey on the location of the research found a variety of macroscopic fungi, but data about the presence of macroscopic fungi have not been reported. The study aims to determine the types of macroscopic fungi contained in the research area and to identify the relationship of physical-chemical factors (light, humidity, temperature, pH) for the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the area of research. The research location is determined by purposive sampling. Observations and data collection was done by plot method. The study was conducted on five trail of 11 existing trail. In each plot 20x100m trail made research, explorative observational data. 10,000 square observation area, located at an altitude of 280- 360m above sea level. The results were obtained 83 kinds of macroscopic fungi consisting of 19 families. The dominant species on the trail one is Ganoderma applanatum, the second trail Hypoxylon fragiformae, on the trail four Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomitopsis pinicola on trail 11, and on the trail 1-2 Auricularia polytricia. The dominant species of macroscopic fungi in the study area is Ganoderma applanatum. Macroscopic fungal diversity index on the location of research 3.645 and Evenness Index 0.825. Similarity index between the location of macroscopic fungi ranged 9.53% - 29.20%. Physical-chemical factors indicate that the humidity, positive correlation (DC) with the value of diversity index, while air temperature, light intensity and pH of the soil/ substrate negatively correlated with the value of diversity index.

Penelitian Inventarisasi jamur makroskopis di Kawasan Ekowisata Bukit Lawang Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara, telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2010 sampai April 2010. Survei pendahuluan di lokasi penelitian ditemukan berbagai jamur makroskopis, namun data mengenai keberadaan jamur makroskopis belum dilaporkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis jamur makroskopis yang terdapat di kawasan penelitian dan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor fisik-kimia (cahaya, kelembaban, suhu, pH) terhadap keanekaragaman jamur makroskopis di kawasan penelitian. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Pengamatan dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode petak. Penelitian dilakukan pada 5 trail dari 11 trail yang ada. Pada setiap trail penelitian dibuat petak 20x100m, pengamatan data secara eksploratif. Areal pengamatan seluas 10.000m, berada pada ketinggian 280-360m dpl. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 83 jenis jamur makroskopis yang terdiri dari 19 famili. Spesies yang dominan pada trail 1 adalah Ganoderma applanatum, pada trail 2 Hypoxylon fragiformae, pada trail 4 Fomitopsis pinicola, pada trail 11 Fomitopsis pinicola, dan pada trail 1-2 Auricularia polytricia. Spesies jamur makroskopis yang dominan pada kawasan penelitian adalah Ganoderma applanatum. Indeks keanekaragaman jamur makroskopis pada lokasi penelitian 3,645 dan Indeks kemerataan 0,825. Indeks kesamaan jamur makroskopis antar lokasi berkisar 9,53% - 29,20%. Faktor fisik-kimia menunjukkan bahwa kelembaban, berkorelasi positif (searah) dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman sedangkan suhu udara, intensitas cahaya dan pH tanah/ substrat berkorelasi negatif dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman.