An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs Found in Khaled Hosseini’s Novel a Thousand Splendid Suns

Abstract

This Thesis entitled An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs Found in Khaled Hosseini’s Novel A Thousand Splendid Suns. The writer discusses about phrasal verbs found in this novel. Phrasal Verb verb is verb followed by particle. There are 3 problems discussed in this thesis, such as types of phrasal verbs, function of particles in phrasal verbs constructions and types of semantic distinctions found in phrasal verbs in this novel. In analyzing phrasal verbs, the writer applies some theories. In analyzing the types of phrasal verbs, the theory used from Greenbaun and Quirk (1973), Veres (1998), dan Vlad (1998) which state that there are 2 types of phrasal verbs; transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs. And Collins (1991) provides that the intransitive phrasal verb has only one pattern (V+ADV), and the transitive phrasal verb has 4 patterns, such as (V+ADV+N), (V+N+ADV), (V+PRON+ADV), and (V+REFL+ADV). In analyzing the function of particles, the theory used from Heaton (1985:114) provides 5 functions of particles found in phrasal verbs in this novel; 1). assuming a new or subsidiary meaning, 2). assuming a new or special meaning with a verb but do not change the normal meaning of that verb, 3). providing stress emphasis or a sense of completion, 4). functioning in a similar way to ordinary adverbs, helping to form a collocation which maintains a literal meaning, and 5). similar in function to prepositions. And the last, in analyzing the types of semantic distinctions, the theory used from Fraser (1976) which states there are 3 types of semantic distinctions found in phrasal verbs; figurative, literal and completive. As a result, it is found that based on the analysis of types of phrasal verbs, there are 2 types of phrasal verbs found in phrasal verbs in this novel; transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs. The intransitive phrasal verb has only one pattern (V+ADV), and the transitive phrasal verb has 4 patterns, such as (V+ADV+N), (V+N+ADV), (V+PRON+ADV), and (V+REFL+ADV). It is also drawn that all particles (off, out, in, up, over, on, down, away, around) used in phrasal verbs apply those two types. Based on the analysis of functions of particles in phrasal verbs constructions, it is concluded that there are 5 functions of particles found in phrasal verbs in this novel; 1). assuming a new or subsidiary meaning, 2). assuming a new or special meaning with a verb but do not change the normal meaning of that verb, 3). providing stress emphasis or a sense of completion, 4). functioning in a similar way to ordinary adverbs, helping to form a collocation which maintains a literal meaning, and 5). similar in function to prepositions. It is also drawn that all particles (off, out, in, up, over, on, down, away, around) used in phrasal verbs found in this novel have function to assume a new or subsidiary meaning, 4 particles (out, in, up, over) used in phrasal verbs found in this novel have function to assume a new or special meaning with a verb but do not change the normal meaning of that verb, 5 particles (off, out, up, over, down) used in phrasal verbs found in this novel have function to provide stress emphasis or a sense of completion, 6 particles (out, in, up, down, away, around) used in phrasal verbs found in this novel have function in a similar way to ordinary adverbs, helping to form a collocation which maintains a literal meaning, but only particle “down” that used in phrasal verb found in this novel has function which is similar in function to preposition. And the last, based on the analysis of types of semantic distinctions. It is concluded that there are 3 types of semantic distinctions found in phrasal verbs in this novel. It is also drawn that there are 9 particles (off, out, in, up, over, on, down, away) can be used as figurative phrasal verbs, there are only 6 particles (out, in, up, down, away, around) can be used as literal phrasal verbs and there are only 5 particles (off, out, up, over, down) can be used as completive phrasal verbs.

Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis Of Phrasal Verbs Found in Khaled Hosseini’s Novel A Thousand Splendid Suns, membahas tentang phrasal verbs yang ditemukan dalam novel. Phrasal verbs adalah kombinasi dari kata kerja + partikel, yang dibahas antara lain; jenis phrasal verbs, fungsi partikel dalam pembentukan phrasal verbs, dan tipe semantik yang ditemukan dalam phrasal verbs. Untuk menganalisis phrasal verbs digunakan beberapa teori. Dalam menganalisis jenis Phrasal Verbs digunakan teori Greenbaun and Quirk (1973), Veres (1998), dan Vlad (1998), yang menyatakan bahwa phrasal verbs diklasifikasikan dalam 2 kategori yaitu transitif dan intransitif phrasal verbs dan di dukung oleh teori Collins (1991) yang menyatakan bahwa Intransitif phrasal verbs hanya memiliki satu pola (V+ADV), transitif phrasal verbs memiliki 4 pola, yaitu (V+ADV+N), (V+N+ADV), (V+PRON+ADV), and (V+REFL+ADV). Untuk menganalisis fungsi partikel dalam pembentukan phrasal verbs digunakan teori Heaton (1985:114) yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat 5 fungsi yang ditemukan dalam pembentukan phrasal verb yaitu, 1). membentuk makna baru, 2). membentuk makna baru atau makna spesial namun tetap mempertahankan makna dari kata kerja itu sendiri, 3). menyatakan penegasan atau penyelesaian pada suatu action, 4). fungsi yang mirip dengan adverb namun tetap mempertahankan makna harfiah, dan 5). fungsi yang mirip dengan preposisi. Dan untuk menganalisis tipe semantik yang muncul dalam phrasal verbs digunakan teori Fraser (1976) yang menyatakan bahwa phrasal verbs secara semantik dapat diklasifikasikan dalam 3 bagian yaitu, 1). makna harfiah (literal phrasal verb), 2). makna kiasan (figurative phrasal verb), dan 3). makna penyelesaian (completive phrasal verbs). Dari hasil analisis terhadap phrasal verbs di novel ini ditemukan 9 partikel pembentuk phrasal verbs, yaitu partikel off, out, in, up, over, on, down, away, dan around. Hasil temuan lainnya: terdapat 2 jenis phrasal verbs yaitu transitif dengan 4 pola (V+ADV+N), (V+N+ADV), (V+PRON+ADV), and (V+REFL+ADV) dan intransitif phrasal verbs dengan hanya 1 pola (V+ADV) ditemukan di novel ini dan semua partikel yang membentuk phrasal verbs di novel ini memiliki 2 jenis phrasal verbs tersebut. Terdapat 5 fungsi dari partikel dalam pembentukan phrasal verb di novel ini, temuan lainnya bahwa semua partikel (off, out, in, up, over, on, down, away, around) dalam phrasal verbs memiliki fungsi partikel untuk membentuk makna baru, 4 partikel (out, in, up, over) dalam phrasal verbs memiliki fungsi partikel untuk menambah makna spesial namun tetap mempertahankan makna dari kata kerja itu sendiri, 5 partikel (off, out, up, over, down) dalam phrasal verbs memiliki fungsi partikel untuk menyatakan penegasan atau penyelesaian pada suatu action, 6 partikel (out,in, up, down, away, around) dalam phrasal verbs memiliki fungsi partikel yang mirip dengan adverb namun tetap mempertahankan makna harfiah, dan hanya partikel “down” dalam phrasal verb memiliki fungsi partikel yang mirip dengan preposisi. Terdapat 3 tipe semantik dalam phrasal verbs di novel ini, yaitu figurative, literal and completive phrasal verbs; 9 partikel (off, out, in, up, over, on, down, away, around) dalam phrasal verbs digunakan dalam bentuk figurative phrasal verbs, hanya terdapat 6 partikel (out, in, up, down, away, around) dalam phrasal verbs digunakan dalam bentuk literal phrasal verbs, dan hanya terdapat 5 partikel (off, out, up, over, down) dalam phrasal verbs digunakan dalam bentuk completive phrasal verbs.