Gambaran Penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2006-2010

Abstract

Introduction: Nasopharynx carcinoma is a carcinoma that is highly potential to obtain regional metastases to cervical lymph nodes or distant metastases. About 90%, nasopharynx carcinoma patients show cervical lymph node malignancy. Typically, nasopharyngeal carcinoma carries a poor prognosis because of its proximity to skull base and other vital structures. Beside that, early diagnosis was difficult because the subtlety of its symptoms and the difficult nature of the examination, especially for primary care physicians. In order to entire head and neck cancer in Indonesia, almost 60% of nasopharynx carcinoma. Based on data from Depkes in 2007, nasopharynx carcinoma including 10 types of most cancer in Indonesia in 2004-2006 and is constantly increasing the number of patients in the period. Objective: In order to obtain data about the description nasopharynx carcinoma patients in RSUP H.Adam Malik Medan in 2006-2010. Method: This study is descriptive by using secondary data from medical record of new patients with the nasopharynx carcinoma based on histopathological that come to RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan in January 2006-December 2010. Result: Patients with nasopharynx carcinoma in January 2006-December 2010 are 335 patients. They are most prevalent in men (73.1%), age group 51-60 years (26.5%), Batak ethnic group (57.1%), working as a farmer (27.8%), with the main complaint in the form of lump in the neck (71%), non-ceratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (46.6%) and patients on stage IV (45.%).

Pendahuluan: Karsinoma nasofaring merupakan karsinoma yang berpotensi tinggi mengadakan metastasis regional ke kelenjar limfe servikal maupun metastase jauh. Sekitar 90% pasien KNF menunjukkan keganasan nodus limfe servikal. Di antara berbagai jenis kanker kepala leher, KNF merupakan salah satu jenis dengan prognosis buruk karena posisi tumor berdekatan dengan dasar tengkorak dan berbagai struktur penting lainnya. Selain itu, diagnosis dini sulit ditegakkan karena gejala yang tidak khas dan pemeriksaan nasofaring yang sulit. Untuk seluruh keganasan kepala dan leher di Indonesia, hampir 60% merupakan karsinoma nasofaring. Berdasarkan data kanker pada Depkes 2007, KNF termasuk 10 jenis kanker terbanyak di Indonesia pada tahun 2004-2006 dan terus mengalami peningkatan jumlah penderita selama periode tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk memperoleh data mengenai gambaran penderita karsinoma nasofaring di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2006-2010. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis penderita baru karsinoma nasofaring berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi jaringan yang datang ke RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan pada bulan Januari 2006-Desember 2010. Hasil: Penderita karsinoma nasofaring paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki(73.1%), kelompok umur 51-60 tahun(26.5%), suku Batak (57.1%), bekerja sebagai petani (27.8%), keluhan utama berupa benjolan di leher (71%), tipe histologi non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (46.6%) dan penderita pada stadium klinis IV (45.1%).