Hubungan Komponen Health Belief Model (HBM) dengan Tindakan Penggunaan Kondom pada Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) di Pelabuhan Belawan Tahun 2012

Abstract

The rate of HIV spread tends to be increasing. The highest risk factor of HIV spread is through sexual intercourse because many of those belong to the sexual-risk behavior group do not use condom. One of those belong to the sexual-risk behavior groups is the ship crew who become the customers of commercial sex workers (prostitutes) The purpose of this study with cross-sectional design was to examine the relationship between the concept of Health Belief Model (HBM) and condom-using behavior in the ship crew who become the customers of commercial sex workers (prostitutes) in Belawan Seaport. The samples for this study were 95 persons selected through consecutive sampling technique. The data of this study were statistically tested by using Chi-square test. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined based on Prevalence Ration (PR) at Confidence Interval (CI) 95% and was analyzed through multiple logistic regression tests. The result of this study showed that the proportion of condom use in the ship crew was still low (23.2%). The result of Chi-square test showed that there were 6 components of HBM which were significantly related to the condom-using behavior, namely, stimulus from the commercial sex workers (p = 0.004; PR = 1.424), knowledge (p = 0.033; PR = 1.309), perceived susceptibility (p = 0.032; PR = 1.377), Perceived severity (p = 0.047; PR = 1.290), perceived benefit (p = 0.000; PR = 1.617), and perceived self efficacy (p = 0.000; PR = 1.555). The result of logistic regression analysis showed that perceived benefit was the most dominant factor relating to the condom-using behavior in the crew of ship at Belawan Seaport in 2012. To improve the condom-using behavior in the ship crew, it is recommended to make the use of condom 100% compulsory for the ship crew who become the customers of commercial sex workers especially when they are in the localization complex, to socialize condom, to distribute condom, to improve the bargaining power of the commercial sex workers in negotiating the use of condom, and to raise the awareness of the ship crew to use condom. Key words : Condom, HBM, Ship Crew

Laju penularan HIV cenderung meningkat. Faktor risiko penularan HIV paling tinggi adalah melalui hubungan seksual. Hal ini disebabkan masih rendahnya pemakaian kondom pada kelompok-kelompok berperilaku seksual berisiko. Salah satu kelompok yang berperilaku seksual berisiko tersebut adalah Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) yang menjadi pelanggan Pekerja Seks Komersil (PSK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana hubungan konsep Health Belief Model (HBM) dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom pada ABK pelanggan PSK di Pelabuhan Belawan. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 95 orang dan diperoleh secara consecutive sampling. Uji statistik yang dipakai adalah chi square. Hubungan antara variabel bebas dan terikat ditentukan berdasarkan Prevalence Ratio (PR) pada Confidence Interval (CI) 95%, kemudian dianalisis dengan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi penggunaan kondom pada ABK masih rendah (23,2%). Uji statistik chi-square menunjukkan bahwa ada 6 komponen HBM yang berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom yaitu Dorongan PSK (p=0,004; PR=1,424), pengetahuan (p=0,033; PR=1,309), persepsi risiko tertular (p=0,032; PR=1,377), persepsi keseriusan (p=0,047; PR=1,290) , persepsi positif kondom (p=0,000; PR=1,617), dan persepsi kemampuan diri (p=0,000; PR=1,550). Analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa persepsi positif kondom merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom pada ABK di Pelabuhan Belawan Tahun 2012. Rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan perilaku penggunaan kondom di kalangan ABK adalah segera melakukan upaya perbaikan penggunaan kondom terutama di kalangan ABK yang menjadi pelanggan PSK dengan cara pemberlakuan keharusan penggunaan kondom 100% terutama di tempat lokalisasi, sosialisasi kondom, distribusi kondom, dan peningkatan kemampuan PSK dalam negosiasi penggunaan kondom, dan penyadaran penggunaan kondom bagi ABK. Kata kunci : Kondom, HBM, ABK