Hubungan antara Profil Lipid dan Gangguan Memori pada Usia Paruh Baya

Abstract

Background and Purpose : Memory deficit is a major complaint that are presented in general population, particularly in elderly. In middle age, memory deficit may be the first symptom of the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease. Some previous studies have been investigated the association between lipid profile and memory deficit and the results are different. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between lipid profile and memory deficit in middle age. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study, consisted of 34 participants who were 40-60 years old. All of participants were tested for verbal memory task, such as digit span backward test, remote memory test, and new learning words test. In addition, the participants also measured the lipid profile level. Results : All of participants had normal remote memory test. There were significant differences on digit span backward scores based on education level (p=0,022), new learning words scores based on education level (p=0,0001), and HDL level based on education level. Using the Spearman test, there was inverse correlation between triglyceride level and new learning words scores (r=-0,476, p=0,018), and direct correlation between HDL level and new learning words scores (r= 0,469, p=0,005), but the correlation between total cholesterol and LDL level were not found (p>0,05). Conclusion : Higher triglyceride and lower HDL level had significant association with short term memory deficit in middle age.

Latar belakang dan Tujuan : Gangguan memori adalah keluhan yang sering ditemukan pada masyarakat umum, terutama pada usia tua. Pada usia paruh baya, gangguan memori dapat merupakan gejala awal dari penyakit neurodegeneratif, salah satunya demensia alzheimer. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah mencari hubungan antara profil lipid dan gangguan memori dan hasilnya berbeda-beda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara profil lipid dan gangguan memori pada usia paruh baya. Metode : Merupakan studi potong lintang, terdiri dari 34 subjek berusia 40-60 tahun. Semua subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan Verbal Memory Task berupa digit span backward test, remote memory test, and new learning words test. Selain itu, subjek juga dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar profil lipid. Hasil : Seluruh subjek memiliki nilai remote memory test yang normal. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai digit span backward berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,022), nilai new learning words test berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,0001) dan kadar HDL, berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,003). Dengan uji korelasi Spearman, terdapat hubungan yang terbalik antara kadar trigliserida dan nilai new learning words test (r=- 0,476, p=0,018), dan hubungan yang searah antara kadar HDL dengan nilai new learning words test (r=0,469, p=0,005), tetapi hubungan antara kadar kolesterol total dan LDL dengan nilai new learning words test tidak dijumpai (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Kadar trigliserida yang tinggi dan HDL yang rendah memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan gangguan memori jangka pendek pada usia paruh baya.