Ekspresi p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pada Penderita Karsinoma Nasofaring di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Research of molecular biology such as expression of VEGF, EGFR, COX-2 and others in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been widely done. The results of these studies may help in determining prognosis and additional therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MAPK plays a role in cell growth such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, especially in gene expression, where by p38 MAPK pathway is most commonly associated with anti-apoptotic function and activated p38 MAPK pathway causes cell transformation. Purpose: To know the expression of p38 MAPK in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The design of this study is descriptive. It was done in THT-KL Department of FK USU/RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan and Patology Anatomical Department of FK USU. The study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 on patients which is diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carconima in the oncology division of THT-KL Department FK USU/ RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan which has full filled the population criteria. Results: In this study 30 tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined with immunohistochemical. Most sampel were found in men (73.3%) with the largest age group of 41 – 60 years old (60.0%), histopatological type of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (53.3%), the propotion of overexpression of p38 MAPK on nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues were 70%. There were no significant difference between the expression of p38 with histopathogic type, size of primary tumor, size of lymph nodes, and the clinical staging.

Latar Belakang: Penelitian secara biologi molekuler pada karsinoma nasofaring telah banyak dilakukan, seperti ekspresi VEGF, EGFR, COX-2 dan lain sebagainya. Hasil penelitian tersebut dapat membantu dalam menentukan prognosis pada penderita karsinoma nasofaring, dan dapat membantu dalam memberikan terapi tambahan pada karsinoma nasofaring. MAPK berperan dalam pertumbuhan sel seperti proliferasi, diferensiasi, dan apoptosis, terutama berperan dalam ekspresi gen, dimana jalur p38 MAPK paling sering dikaitkan dengan fungsi anti apoptosis dan aktifnya jalur p38 MAPK menyebabkan transformasi sel. Tujuan: Mengetahui ekspresi p38 MAPK pada karsinoma nasofaring. Metode: Rancangan penelitian bersifat deskriptif di Departemen THT-KL FK USU/RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan dan Departemen Patologi Anatomi FK USU. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Desember 2011 sampai dengan Mei 2012 pada seluruh penderita yang didiagnosis karsinoma nasofaring pada divisi onkologi Departemen THT-KL FK USU/RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan yang memenuhi kriteria populasi. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini jaringan karsinoma nasofaring yang diperiksa dengan immunohistokimia sebanyak 30 jaringan. Sampel paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki (73,3%), kelompok umur terbanyak adalah 41-60 tahun (60,0%), jenis histopatologi terbanyak adalah karsinoma sel skuamosa tidak berkeratinisasi (53,3%), proporsi overekspresi p38 MAPK pada jaringan karsinoma nasofaring adalah 70% dan tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara ekspresi p38 MAPK dengan tipe histopatologi, ukuran tumor primer, ukuran kelenjar getah bening dan stadium klinis.