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    Potensi Mikroalga dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit dan sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif

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    Fulltext (4.285Mb)
    Date
    2020
    Author
    Elvitriana
    Advisor(s)
    Munir, Erman
    Delvian
    Wahyuningsih, Hesti
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    Abstract
    Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) contains suspended and dissolved solids with a very high concentration of organic matter which if disposed of without processing will become sediment that is difficult to decompose and can pollute the environment. Therefore, an effective POME treatment method is needed. This study aims to obtain an effective method of POME treatment by involving local microalgae in reducing organic substances and nutrients in POME and producing biomass as a sustainable alternative energy source. Microalgae were cultivated into POME media with various concentration of LP100 (without dilution), LP75 (25% dilution), and LP50 (50% dilution) using aeration and continuous lighting for 15 days in vessels with a lighting intensity of 1300 lux from 32 watt fluorescent lamps. Biomass of microalgae were observed daily and analyzed in dry weight by means of spectrophotometry using 624 nm wavelength to get their growth by determining the content of algae biomass. The research was conducted in 2 stages. In the first phase of this study, locally isolated microalgae were able to grow well in POME media with a concentration of LP50 and 20% inoculum which produced a biomass of 1.09 g-DW/L with a total lipid (Yield) of 45.89%. Microalgae grew well in POME within 12 days of cultivation and during that time, organic compounds and nutrients in POME decreased, such as BOD concentration from 16571.95 mg/L to 108.5 mg/L (99.35%), COD from 29963.53 mg/L to 3124, 8 mg/L (89.57%), TSS from 3150 mg/L to 325 mg/L (89.68%), Phosphate from 126 mg/L to 2.9 mg/L, (97.70%), Ammonium from 212 mg/L to 10.43 mg/L (95.08%), Fatty Oil from 942 mg/L to 2.8 mg/L (99.70%), and Nitrate from 135 mg/L to 26 mg/L(80, 74%). Results of this second stage of this research obtained the thickness of an effective culture media at t2=20 cm which produced the highest microalgae biomass. The highest methyl ester content of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) that has been produced was oleic acid (C18:1) at 68.66%, followed by linoleic acid (C18:2) with a concentration of 4.39%, palmitic acid (C16 :0) with a concentration of 2.56%, and margaric acid (17:0) with a concentration of 1.32%. The obtained methyl ester compounds were in accordance with the fatty acid content found in biodiesel. Furthermore, the content of oleic acid and palmitic acid were unsaturated fatty acids which were also contained in the liquid waste of the palm oil mill. The POME treating method involving local isolates of microalgae is a method that can safely degrade organic compounds and nutrients and produce sustainable and integrated alternative energy sources in overcoming the problem of energy deficits in the future.
     
    Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) mengandung padatan tersuspensi dan terlarut dengan konsentrasi bahan organik yang sangat tinggi yang jika dibuang tanpa pengolahan akan menjadi sedimen yang sulit terurai dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode pengolahan POME yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode pengolahan POME yang efektif dengan melibatkan mikroalga lokal dalam mereduksi zat organik dan nutrisi dalam POME dan menghasilkan biomassa sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang berkelanjutan. Mikroalga isolat lokal dikultivasi dalam media POME pada konsentrasi LP50, LP75, LP100 dan konsentrasi inokulum 10%, 20%, 30% dengan siklus pencahayaan dan aerasi kontinyu 24 jam dengan intensitas pencahayaan 1300 lux dari lampu flourence 32 watt. Pertumbuhan mikroalga dalam POME diukur menggunakan UV-VIS Spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 624 nm. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap. Pada penelitian tahap pertama ini, mikroalga isolat lokal dapat tumbuh dengan baik dalam media POME dengan konsentrasi LP50 dan inokulum 20% yang menghasilkan biomassa mencapai 1,09 g-DW/L dengan total lipid (Yield) 45,89 %. Mikroalga dapat tumbuh dengan baik di POME dalam waktu 12 hari kultivasi dan selama waktu itu, senyawa organik dan nutrisi dalam POME menurun, seperti konsentrasi BOD dari 16571,95 mg/L menjadi 108,5 mg/L (99,35%), COD 29963,53 mg/L menjadi 3124,8 mg/L (89,57%), TSS 3150 mg/L menjadi 325 mg/L (89,68%), Phosphate 126 mg/L menjadi 2,9 mg/L, (97,70%), Amonium 212 mg/L menjadi 10,43 mg/L (95,08%), Minyak Lemak 942 mg/L menjadi 2,8 mg/L (99,70%) dan Nitrat 135 mg/L menjadi 26 mg/L(80,74%). Hasil penelitian tahap kedua ini mendapatkan ketebalan media kultur efektif pada t2=20 cm yang menghasilkan biomassa mikroalga tertinggi. Kandungan methyl ester dari Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah asam oleat (C18:1) sebesar 68,66%, selanjutnya diikuti dengan asam linoleat (C18:2) dengan konsentrasi 4,39%, asam palmitat (C16:0) dengan konsentrasi 2,56%, dan asam margarat (17:0) dengan konsentrasi 1.32%. Senyawa metil ester yang diperoleh sesuai dengan kandungan asam lemak yang terdapat pada biodiesel. Selanjutnya kandungan asam oleat dan asam palmitat merupakan asam lemak tak jenuh yang juga terdapat pada limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Metode pengolahan POME dengan melibatkan mikroalga isolat lokal merupakan metode yang dapat menurunkan zat organik dan nutrisi secara aman dan menghasilkan sumber energi alternatif berkelanjutan dan terpadu dalam mengatasi masalah defisit energi di masa yang akan datang.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/41000
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    • Doctoral Dissertations (Management of Natural Resources and Environment) [60]

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    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
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