Pemodelan Kontrol Malaria melalui Pengelolaan Terintegrasi di Kemukiman Lamteuba, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is still a public health problem in the world. The focus of malaria control programs has been developed from short-term to long-term direction . Developing a model to explain the transmission of malaria, in endemic regions, is of high priority in developing health system interventions. The use of the model is the main priority in developing the health system-based interventions. This study was conducted in the Kemukiman Lamteuba, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province. The aim of our study is to use mathematical modelling to gain some insights into the fact of local transmission dynamics of malaria in the population and to explore the impact of the aforementioned intervention strategies. It is expected that the model can be used as a references in the policy vector control of infectious vector diseases. Primary data was collected based on field observations such as interview using a questionnaire instrument, identifying the malaria vector, larvae, data on the incidence of malaria cases, breeding places, the establishment of models and mapping with Geographic Information System (GIS). Six species were found. species Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles vagus, Anpheles tesselatus, Anopheles hyrcanus group and Anopheles kochi . Using ELISA test sprozoit was found positively in Anopheles aconitus, there for this species would be regard as a vector. Acquired Modeling the control of malaria in ecosystem (PKVE) with delayed differential equation system based on observations of the dynamics of interaction between human and mosquito population from which dynamics of malaria in the population can be predicted in such a way that personal protection and integrated management of intervention can be proposed to control the malaria vector.

Malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium, hingga saat ini masih menjadi problema utama kesehatan dunia termasuk Indonesia. Untuk Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) masih menjadi fokus malaria di Indonesia bagian barat. Langkah program kontrol malaria haruslah mengenali dan menguasai secara menyeluruh informasi tentang nyamuk sasaran dan keadaan setempat, bersifat jangka panjang dan disertai model untuk menjelaskan dinamika penularan malaria di daerah endemik dan epidemi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kemukiman Lamteuba kecamatan Seulimeum, kabupaten Aceh Besar provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemodelan kontrol malaria yang tepat guna berdasarkan fakta dinamika transmisi setempat. Diharapkan model dapat dipakai sebagai acuan dalam kebijakan kontrol malaria. Data primer berdasarkan observasi lapangan antara lain wawancara menggunakan instrumen kuesioner, mengidentifikasi vektor malaria, jentik, menemukan penderita malaria, tempat perindukan vektor (TPV), pemetaan dengan System Informasi Geografis (GIS) serta pembentukan model. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebagai vektor malaria adalah Anopheles aconitus yang terbukti adanya sporozoit dengan uji ELISA serta ditemukan Pemodelan kontrol vektor dalam ekosistem (PKVE) dengan sistem persamaan differensial terkendala (delay). Pemodelan ini dapat memprediksi tentang dinamika malaria dalam populasi dan mengajukan intervensi untuk kontrol vektor malaria di Kemukiman Lamteuba melalui perlindungan individu dan pengelolan terintegrasi.