Interaksi Serat Limbah Industri Pulp dengan Serat Nanas, Pisang dan Rami pada Pembuatan Karton

Abstract

Paperboard, chipboard and liner carton that fulfil the requirement of SNI have been made from the mixture of either pineapple leave pulp, banana stem pulp or ramie pulp with the sludge of pulp industry produced by Toba Pulp Lestari – Porsea, Sumatera Utara. 234 grams of air dried pineapple leave chips, banana stem, or 297.5 gram of ramie tree were digested in a digester with 1600 ml of NaOH 2.5% for 2 hours at the temperature of 170 oC at the pressure of 4 – 5 atm, with a rendemen of pineapple leave pulp (37.59%), banana stem pulp (58.80%) and ramie pulp (44.34%) respectively. Carton sheets were made by mixing the pineapple leave pulp, banana stem pulp or ramie pulp with the sludge of pulp industry from Belt Press with various composition of pulp : sludge (100% : 0), (70% : 30%), (50% : 50%), (30% : 70%) and (0 : 100%) then tapioca 5% as an adhesive and kaolin 5% as a filler were added into the mixture. The physical properties of the obtained carton paperboard, chipboard and liner carton are as follows : grammage (330 – 345 gr/m2), (374 – 408 gr/m2) and (302-338 gr/m2), density (0.475 – 0.530 gr/cm3), (0.510 – 0.550 gr/cm3) and (0.495 – 0.525 gr/cm3), thickness (0.652 – 0.695 mm), (0.510 – 0.550 mm) and (0.455 – 0.525 mm). The mechnical properties of paperboard, chipboard and liner carton showed: tensile strength (1317-2757 N/m), (660-1525 N/m) and (2120-6880 N/m), bursting strength (170 – 519 kPa), (195 – 568 kPa) and (220 – 579 kPa), ring crush (250 – 315 N), (343 – 412 N) and (222 – 459 N), moisture content (8.50 – 8.54%), (8.10 – 8.13%) and (5.09 – 5.67%), and optical properties, that is brightness (16.5 – 20.5%), (16.3 – 18.6%) and (16.8 – 18.9%). The carton obtined from pineapple leave pulp, and banana stem pulp have fulfilled the SNI 14 – 0123 – 1998 for paperboard and chipboard, and the SNI 14 – 0095 – 1996 for the liner carton type B, where the mixture composition of pulp and sludge where (70% : 30%) and (50% : 50%).

Karton jenis paperboard, chipboard dan karton liner yang memenuhi SNI telah dibuat dari campuran pulp daun nanas (PDN), pulp pelepah batang pisang (PPBP) atau pulp batang rami (PBR) masing-masing dengan serat limbah industri pulp dari Toba Pulp Lestari – Porsea Sumatera Utara. Dari 234 gr serpihan daun nanas, pelepah batang pisang, atau 297,5 gr serpihan batang rami kering udara masing – masing dimasak dengan 1600 ml larutan NaOH 2,5 % selama 2 jam pada temperatur 170 oC dengan tekanan 4 -5 atm, dalam digester, dengan rendemen masing-masing PDN (37,59%), PPBP (58,80%) dan PBR (44,34%). Pulp daun nanas, pulp pelepah batang pisang atau Pulp batang rami dibuat menjadi lembaran karton dengan mencampurkan masing – masing pulp dengan serat limbah industri pulp yang berasal dari Belt Press dengan berbagai komposisi dengan perbandingan pulp : serat limbah (100% : 0), (70% : 30%), (50% : 50%), (30% : 70%) dan (0 : 100%) dengan menggunakan perekat tapioka 5% dan pengisi kaolin 5%. Pengujian sifat fisik lembaran karton jenis paperboard, chipboard dan karton liner yang dihasilkan berturut-turut memiliki gramatur (330-345 gr/m2), (374-408 gr/m2) dan (302-338 gr/m2), densitas (0,475-0,530 gr/cm3), (0,510-0,550 gr/cm3) dan (0,495-0,525 gr/cm3), ketebalan (0,652-0,695 mm), (0,510-0,550 mm) dan (0,455-0,525 mm). Pengujian sifat mekanik yaitu ketahanan tarik (1317 – 2757 N/m), (660-1525 N/m) dan (2120- 6880 N/m), ketahanan retak (170-519 kPa), (195-568 kPa) dan (220-579 kPa), ketahanan tekan lingkar (250-315 N), (343-412 N) dan (222-459 N), daya serap air (630-855 gr/m2), (600-900 gr/m2) dan (572-921 gr/m2), kadar air (8,50-8,54%), (8,10- 8,13%) dan (5,09-5,67%), dan sifat optik yaitu derajat putih (16,5-20,5%), (16,3- 18,6%) dan (16,8-18,9%). Lembaran karton yang telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI 14-0123-1998 untuk paperboard dan chipboard dan SNI 14-0095-1996 untuk karton liner kelas B adalah pulp daun nanas, pulp pelepah batang pisang dan pulp batang rami dengan pulp sludge pada komposisi campuran (70% : 30%) dan (50% : 50%).