The Equivalence Of The Logical Meanings Between Toba-Batak Language And English (A Case Study Of The Toba-Batak Wedding Speeches) A Dissertation

Abstract

This research is about the equivalence of the logical meanings between Toba-Batak language (TBL) as the source language (SL) and English language (EL) as the target language (TL). The research is a case study on the translation process of the patterns of the logical meanings of Toba-Batak Wedding speeches (TBWS) as the source text (ST) translated into English as the target text (TT). The problems investigated are: (1). What are the patterns of the logical meanings that occur in the wedding speeches of the TBL text as a ST? (2). How are the translationally related patterns of the logical meanings that occur in the ST represented in the English language text as a TT? (3). Why are the patterns of the logical meanings that occur in the wedding speeches of the TBL text as a ST represented as they are in the English language text as a TT? The theoretical frameworks used in this research are based on the logico-semantic relation theory (Halliday, 1994) and the bottom-up translation approach (Manfredi, 2008). The research design conducted in this study is a qualitative research (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). The research subject is the Toba Batak people who have participated in the weeding party held in Balige in December 19th, 2011. The research object is the patterns of the logical meanings of 142 clause complexes of the ST. The technique of the data analysis follows the concurrent activities elaborated by Miles and Huberman (1984). The research findings are as follows: (1). the patterns of the logical meanings which occur in the ST are expansion, projection, and complex mixed pattern. Expansions are elaboration, extension and enhancement. Elaborations are specification, exemplification, commentary. Extensions are extension “and”, extension “or”, and extension “but”. Enhancements are spatial enhancement, temporal enhancement, conditional enhancement, causal enhancement, concessive enhancement, and manner enhancement. Projections are locution projection, idea projection, idea proposition, and idea proposal. Complex mixed pattern are classified into complex mixed elaboration head, complex mixed extension head, complex mixed enhancement head, and complex mixed locution head; (2). the application of the bottom-up translation approach realizes the patterns of the logical meanings of the ST into TT as they are by five stages, i.e., (i). the analysis of the ST into clause simples and clause complexes, (ii). the analysis of the components of the clause simples of the clause complexes based on the transitivity system, (iii). the analysis of how the clause simples create the patterns of the logical meanings in each of the clause complexes based on the logico-semantic relation, (iv). the transfer of the pattern of the logical meanings of the ST into the TT by selecting the equivalent component from the TL to replace the component of the ST to represent the equivalent pattern of the logical meaning into the TT, and (v). the analysis of the equivalence of the patterns of the logical meanings between the ST and TT based on the transitivity system and logico-semantic relation; and (3). the reason why patterns of the logical meanings are realized from the ST into TT as they are because the translation approach used in the translation process make the linguistic behavior of the TT approach the linguistic behavior of the ST to keep the same message between the ST and TT by picking up the logical meanings of the ST, then selecting equivalent lexico-grammatical aspects from the TL to replace the grammatical aspects of the SL in the expression of the equivalent pattern of the logical meaning in the TT.

Penelitian ini ialah tentang kesepadanan makna logis antara bahasa Batak Toba sebagai bahasa sumber (BSu) dan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa sasaran (Bsa). Penelitian ini ialah sebuah studi kasus penerjemahan pola makna logis Wejangan Pernikahan Batak Toba sebagai teks sumber (TSu) ke bahasa Inggris sebagai teks sasaran (TSa). Masalah yang diteliti ialah: (1). Pola makna logis apa yang terdapat pada WPBT sebagai sebuah TSu? (2). Bagaimana pola makna logis yang terdapat pada TSu direalisasikan ke pola makna logis sebagaimana adanya pada TSa? (3). Mengapa pola makna logis yang terdapat pada WPBT sebagai TSu direalisasikan kepola makna logis sebagaimana adanya pada TSa? Kerangka teori penelitian ini ialah teori relasi semantik logis (Halliday, 1994) dan teori pendekatan penerjemahan bawah atas (Manfredi, 2008). Rancangan penelitian ialah penelitian kwalitatif (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Subjek penelitian ialah masyarakat Batak Toba yang terlibat pada sebuah pesta pernikahan di Balige pada 19 Desember 2011. Objek penelitian ialah pola makna logis dan sumber data ialah klausa kompleks TSu dan TSa. Teknik pengumpulan dan analisis data ialah mengikuti model yang dikembangkan Miles and Huberman (1984). Temuan penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1). pola makna logis yang terdapat pada TSu ialah expansi, projeksi dan pola campuran. Ekspansi dikelompokkan atas elaborasi, ekstensi, dan enhansi. Elaborasi terdiri dari spesifikasi dan komentri. Ekstensi teridiri dari ekstensi “and”, “or”, dan “but”. Enhasi tediri dari spasial, temporal, kondisional, kausal, konsesif, serta manner. Projeksi ialah lokusi, ide, proposisi dan proposal. Lokusi ialah parataktik dan hipotaktik lokusi. Pola campuran terdiri dari inti elaborasi, inti ekstensi, inti enhansi, inti lokusi; (2). Aplikasi pendekatan penerjemahan bawah atas dalam merealisasikan pola makna logis dari TSu ke TSa mempunyai lima tahapan, yaitu: (i). analisis TSu menjadi klausa sederhana dan bertingkat, (ii). analisis komponen klausa sederhana klausa bertingkat TSu berdasarkan sistim transitiviti; (iii). analisis bagaimana klausa sederhana membentuk pola makna logis klausa bertingkat berdasarkan relasi semantik logis; (iv). transfer pola makna logis TSu ke TSa dengan memilih komponen sepadan dari BSa untuk menggantikan komponen BSu, dan (v). analisis kesepadanan pola makana logis diantara TSu dan TSa berdasarkan sistim transitiviti dan relasi semantik logis; (3) alasan mengapa pola makna logis TSu dialihkan ke TSu sebagaimana adanya karena pendekatan penerjemahan menyebabkan perilaku linguistik TSa mendekat kepada prilaku linguistik TSu untuk mempertahankan kesepadanan makna diantara TSu dan TSa dengan cara memahami makna logis yang terdapat pada TSu, kemudian memilih komponen klausa BSa untuk menggantikan komponen klausa BSu untuk mengungkapkan makna logis yang sepadan ke TSa.