Analisis Produksi Peternakan Sapi Dalam Pengembangan Wilayah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Abstract

National self-supporting in beef will be launched by the government in 2014; therefore, in order to get accurate data, the government conducted PSPK (Cattle Census Documentation) in 2011. From these data, it was found that Deli Serdang District ranked fourth in beef cows in North Sumatera province with the growth of 6.74%. The objective of the research was to analyze some factors of the production of beef cows in Deli Serdang District which had positive influence on production, to examine the business scale and the efficiency of using the input of production, and to analyze the influence of beef cow production on regional development related to the increase of income, the use of manpower, and regional development of Deli Serdang District. The research was conducted through interviews with cattle raisers who were selected by using purposive random sampling technique, while the data were analyzed by using regression test with Cobb-Douglas function analysis. The result of the analysis on some factors of dependent production, it was found that capital for cowsheds, manpower, green food, and cattle scale had significant influence on beef cow production, while all kinds of medicines did not have any significant influence on beef cow production. The result of return to scale test showed that business scale increased. The result of business efficiency showed that capital for cowsheds, all kinds of medicines, and cattle scale were not efficient, and manpower as well as green food was also not efficient. Concerning business development, the average population of beef cows increased from 2.8 in 2009 to 5.5 in 2013, and the income obtained from the cattle increased from Rp.382,755 in 2009 to Rp.680,520 in 2013. The continuous increase in beef cow business would influence economy and regional development in Deli Serdang District.

Tahun 2014 pemerintah mencanangkan swasembada Daging Nasional, untuk memperoleh data yang akurat, pemerintah melakukan pendataan sensus ternak (PSPK 2011). Dari data tersebut, Kabupaten Deli Serdang tercatat penghasil ternak sapi potong nomor empat di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan pertumbuhan 6,74%. Tujuan penelitian produksi ternak sapi potong di Kabupaten Deli Serdang untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor produksi yang berpengaruh positif terhadap produksi, menguji keadaan skala usaha, menguji efisiensi penggunaan input faktor produksi serta menganalisis pengaruh produksi ternak sapi terhadap pengembangan wilayah yang terkait dengan peningkatan pendapatan, pemanfaatan tenaga kerja dan pertumbuhan wilayah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada peternak yang terpilih secara porposif random sampling. Analisis regresi menggunakan fungsi Cobb-Douglas. Hasil uji terhadap faktor-faktor produksi dependen diperoleh bahwa modal kandang, tenaga kerja, pakan hijau dan skala ternak berpengaruh nyata, sedangkan Obat-obatan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi ternak sapi potong. Uji return to scale menunjukkan skala usaha menaik. Hasil uji efisiensi usaha menyatakan bahwa modal kandang, obat-obatan serta skala ternak tidak efisien, dan tenaga kerja serta pakan hijau belum efisien. Berkaitan dengan pengembangan usaha, perbandingan tahun 2009 dengan tahun 2013, rata-rata populasi meningkat dari 2,8 ekor menjadi 5,5 ekor, dan pendapatan perbulan dari hasil ternak meningkat dari Rp.382.755,- menjadi Rp.680.520,-. Peningkatan usaha ternak sapi potong yang terjadi secara terus menerus akan berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian dan mendorong pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang.