Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Eksistensi Hutan Sakral di Kabupaten Samosir

Abstract

Dalam pengaruh budaya dan agama yang sama terdapat dua kondisi hutan sakral yang berbeda. Hutan sakral Sibaganding Tua yang masih tetap eksis dan hutan sakral Sirara yang telah hilang keberadaannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi eksistensi kedua hutan sakral tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan sakral Sibaganding Tua tetap eksis karena konsep hutan sakral tidak bertentangan ajaran agama Kristen. Masyarakat desa Sihotang tetap mematuhi aturan terkait hutan sakral seperti posisi membangun rumah, aturan penebangan pohon, tradisi memanen padi, tradisi pesta adat, bersikap sopan, larangan mencuri. Perlindungan hutan sakral semakin kuat didukung oleh manfaat ekologis yang dirasakan masyarakat. Sementara itu, hutan sakral Sirara hilang karena hilangnya perlindungan hutan sakral. Masyarakat desa Lintong Nihuta tidak lagi mematuhi aturan adat, larangan dan kepercayaan kepada Namartua Sirara (Siraja Gunung) seperti tradisi pesta adat dan penyembahan karena bertentangan dengan ajaran agama Kristen. Tidak ada manfaat ekologis yang dirasakan masyarakat semakin melemahkan perlindungan. Hilangnya perlindungan hutan Sirara mengakibatkan kerusakan yang didukung oleh pertambahan penduduk, kebutuhan lahan dan kayu.

In the same cultural and religious influence, there are two different conditions of sacred forest. Sibaganding Tua sacred forest which still exists and Sirara sacred forest which has lo st its existence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the existence of these two sacred forests. The results showed that Sibaganding Tua sacred forest still exists because the concept of sacred forest does not contradict the teachings of Christianity. The people of Sihotang village still obey the rules related to sacred forests such as the position of building houses, tree felling rules, tradition of harvesting rice, traditions of traditional parties, being polite, and prohibiting stealing. The protection of sacred forests is increasingly being supported by the ecological benefits felt by the community. Meanwhile, Sirara sacred forest is lost due to the loss of protection of the sacred forest. The people of Lintong Nihuta village no longer obeying customary rules, prohibitions and beliefs in Namartua Sirara (Siraja Gunung) such as the tradition of traditional parties and idolatry because they are against Christian teachings. No ecological benefit felt by the community further weakens protection. The loss of protection of Sirara sacred forest resulted in damage supported by increased population, land and timber needs.