Hubungan Tipe Stroke dengan Abnormalitas Gambaran Elektrokardiografi pada Penderita Stroke Akut yang Dirawat di RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan

Abstract

Background: Cerebrovascular disease dan heart disease are still major causes of morbidity, disability and death in most industrialised countries. After a stroke patients are at increased risk of developing electrocardiographic changes. The most important consequence of these changes is an increased susceptibility to sudden death. Methods: This was cross sectional study, conducted from December 2005 to March 2006 in Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The diagnosis of stroke was based on patient history, general and neurological physical examination and neuroimaging. Electrocardiographic examination was done once at the acute phase of stroke. Results: Twenty seven stroke patients and 27 controls were included in this study. They were consisted of 15 (55,6%) male and 12 (44,4%) female, mean of age was 58 years old. In stroke patients the most common type of stroke was is chaemic stroke, was found in 17 patients (62,9%), intracerebral hemorrhage in 7 patients (25,9%), subarakh noid hemorrhage in 3 patients (11,1%). There was significant difference between normal and abnormal electrocardiography in stroke patients and controls (p=0,012). There were no significant difference between normal and abnormal electrocardiography in individu with and without risk factors. Conclusion: There were no significant difference between abnormality of the electrocardiography and the type of stroke

Latar Belakang: Pada kebanyakan negara - negara industri, penyakit jantung dan serebrovaskular masih merupakan penyebab morbiditas, kecacatan dan kematian terbanyak. Penderita stroke mengalami peningkatan resiko mengalami perubahan gambaran elektrokardiografi (EKG). Resiko terpenting dari perubahan ini adalah terjadinya peningkatanresiko kematian tiba - tiba. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang, berlangsung dari Desember 2005 sampai Maret 2006 di Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Diagnosa stroke ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnese, pemeriksaan klinis umum, pemeriksaan neurologis dan neuroimaging. Pemeriksaan elektrokardiografi dilakukan satu kali pada fase akut stroke. Hasil: Dua puluh tUjuh orang penderita stroke dan 27 orang individu kontrol diteliti pada penelitian ini, yang terdiri dari 15 orang (55,6%) laki - laki and 12 orang (44,4%) perempuan, rerata umur 58 tahun. Pada kelompok penderita stroke, tipe stroke yang terbanyak adalah stroke iskemik (SI) berjumlah 17 orang (62,9%), perdarahan intra serebraf (PIS), 7 orang (25,9%), perdarahan subarakhnoid (PSA), 3 orang (11,1%). Dijumpai perbedaan yang bermakna antara gambaran EKG normal dan abnormal antara kelompok penderita stroke dengan kelompok kontrol (p=0,012). Tidak dijumpai perbedaan yang bermakna antara gambaran EKG normal dan abnormal pada individu dengan dan tanpa faktor resiko. Kesimpulan: Tidak dijumpai hubungan yang signifikan antara abnormalitas gambaran EKG dengan tipe stroke.