Potensi Mol (Mikroorganisme Lokal) dari Tanaman Mucuna bracteata DC. dengan Kombinasi Daun Kelapa Sawit sebagai Biofertilizer

Abstract

Organic materials found around oil palm plantations have the potential to be used as materials for making biofertilizers. This study aims to obtain the right ratio between the Mucuna bracteata plant and the leaves of the oil palm plant as an ingredient for making MOL, as well as to determine the quality of the MOL produced. The plant materials used were Mucuna bracteata plants and oil palm leaf obtained from oil palm plantations in the Tanah Raja area. Both plant materials were cut into small pieces and put into jars according to the treatment, namely M0 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M1 (300 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water ), M2 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 300 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M3 (150 g Mucuna bracteata + 150 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M4 (100 g Mucuna bracteata + 200 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M5 (200 g Mucuna bracteata + 100 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water), M6 (60 g Mucuna bracteata + 240 g palm leaf + 100 g sugar + 1 L water) and M7 (240 g Mucuna bracteata + 60 g leaf palm + 100 g sugar + 1 L water). Observations on the quality of MOL in the form of total microbes, physical characteristics and pH of the MOL solution were carried out at incubation times of 1, 3 and 5 weeks. IAA levels and percent NPK were measured from the MOL product at week 5. The total microbial population observed were total bacteria, fungi, N-fixing bacteria, chitinolytic bacteria, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The highest total bacterial population was found in the M2 treatment, while for the fungus in the M3 treatment. The highest population of N-fixing bacteria, chitinolytic, and phosphate solvent were found in the M7, M4, and M1 treatments, respectively. The texture of the plant material in the MOL treatment was smooth, the color of the solution was blackish brown which resembled the color of the soil with the pH showing the same pattern for all treatments. Initial pH at week 0 ranged from 7.70-8.45 and week 5 became 4.31-4.79. The highest IAA level was in the M2 treatment of 8.38 ppm and the lowest was in the M0 (control) which was 1.10 ppm. The highest NPK level was treatment M2 of 1.09% and the lowest was M0 (control) of 0.59%. Based on all observation parameters, the MOL with the best quality is M2.

Bahan organik yang terdapat disekitar perkebunan kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan untuk membuat biofertilizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rasio perbandingan yang tepat antara tanaman Mucuna bracteata dan daun tanaman sawit sebagai bahan pembuatan MOL, serta mengetahui kualitas MOL yang dihasilkan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan yaitu tanaman Mucuna bracteata dan daun kelapa sawit yang diperoleh dari perkebunan kelapa sawit di daerah Tanah Raja. Kedua bahan tanaman dipotong kecil-kecil dan dimasukkan ke dalam toples sesuai dengan perlakuan yaitu M0 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M1 (300 g Mucuna bracteata + 0 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M2 (0 g Mucuna bracteata + 300 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M3 (150 g Mucuna bracteata + 150 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M4 (100 g Mucuna bracteata + 200 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M5 (200 g Mucuna bracteata + 100 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air), M6 (60 g Mucuna bracteata + 240 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air) dan M7 (240 g Mucuna bracteata + 60 g daun sawit + 100 g gula + 1 L air). Pengamatan kualitas MOL berupa total mikroba, karakter fisik dan pH larutan MOL dilakukan pada waktu inkubasi 1, 3 dan 5 minggu. Kadar IAA dan persen NPK diukur dari produk MOL minggu ke-5.Total populasi mikroba yang diamati adalah total bakteri, jamur, bakteri penambat N, bakteri kitinolitik, dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Total populasi bakteri tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan M2, sementara untuk jamur pada perlakuan M3. Populasi bakteri penambat N, kitinolitik, pelarut posfat masing-masing terbanyak berturut-turut ditemukan pada perlakuan M7, M4, dan M1. Tekstur bahan pada perlakuan MOL halus, warna larutan coklat kehitaman menyerupai warna tanah dengan pH menunjukkan pola yang sama untuk semua perlakuan. Derajat keasaman (pH) pada minggu ke-0 berkisar antara 7,70-8,45 dan minggu ke-5 menjadi 4,31-4,79. Kadar IAA tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan M2 sebesar 8,38 ppm dan terendah pada M0 (kontrol) yaitu sebesar 1,10 ppm. Kadar NPK tertinggi adalah perlakuan M2 sebesar 1,09% dan terendah M0 (kontrol) sebesar 0,59%. Berdasarkan semua parameter pengamatan perlakuan MOL dengan kualiatas terbaik adalah M2.