Kemampuan Antagonis Jamur Endofit Isolat Tanaman Koro Rawe (Mucuna bBracteata DC.) Terhadap Jamur Patogen Ganoderma boninense

Abstract

Efforts to control basal stem rot disease in oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense are still being carried out, including the use of biological control agents such as fungal endophytes. The aims of this study were to obtain antagonistic of endophytic fungi against G. boninense, determine their inhibition mechanisms and identify the potential endophytic fungi as biological control agent to G. boninense. Endophytic fungi were isolated from stems and roots of Mucuna bracteata from Aek Pancur plantation, PPKS Oil Palm Plantation, Tanjung Morawa. The antagonistic test of endophytic fungi to G. boninense was conducted by dual culture method, then characterization and testing of the antagonist mechanism against G. boninense and molecular identification of potential endophytic fungi with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The isolationresults of endophytic fungi from the stems and roots of M. bracteata were obtained as many as 17 isolates with varying morphological characteristics. A total of 4 isolates, namely AP04, AP05, AP09 and MB06 had antagonistic activities with % HPM >50%. The antagonistic mechanisms by producing antifungal ethyl acetate were found in 3 isolates, namely AP04, AP05 and AP09. Four selected endophytic fungal isolates could produce glucanase enzymes, but only one isolate that produced chitinase enzymes, namely MB06 isolates. The molecular identification results of 4 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained 4 different types species of fungi. AP04 isolate had 99.82% genetic similarity with Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis CFMS1342, MB06 isolate 99.07% similar to Cercophora samala JTI-2 while AP05 and AP09 isolates were 100% similar to Gibberella intermedia TS08-165-2 and Fusarium phaseoli PR1 respectively.

Upaya penanggulangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense masih terus dilakukan antara lain dengan pemanfaatan agen pengendali hayati seperti jamur endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jamur endofit dari tanaman Mucuna bracteata yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense, mengetahui mekanisme penghambatannya serta identifikasi jamur endofit yang berpotensi menghambat G. boninense. Jamur endofit diisolasi dari batang dan akar tanaman Mucuna bracteata dari perkebunan Aek Pancur, Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PPKS, Tanjung Morawa. Uji antagonis jamur endofit dengan G. boninense menggunakan metode dual culture, selanjutnya karakterisasi dan diuji mekanisme antagonisnya terhadap G. boninense serta identifikasi molekuler jenis jamur endofit potensial dengan primer ITS1 dan ITS4. Hasil isolasi jamur endofit dari batang dan akar M. bracteata diperoleh sebanyak 17 isolat dengan karakteristik morfologi yang bervariasi. Sebanyak 4 isolat yaitu AP04, AP05, AP09 dan MB06 memiliki kemampuan antagonis dengan % HPM >50%. Mekanisme antagonis dengan menghasilkan antijamur ekstrak etil asetat terdapat pada 3 isolat yaitu AP04, AP05 dan AP09. Empat isolat jamur endofit terpilih dapat menghasilkan enzim glukanase, namun hanya satu isolat yang menghasilkan enzim kitinase yaitu isolat MB06. Hasil identifikasi molekuler jamur endofit dari M.bracteata diperoleh 4 jenis jamur yang berbeda. Isolat AP04 memiliki kemiripan genetik 99,82% dengan Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis CFMS1342, isolat MB06 mirip 99,07% dengan Cercophora samala JTI-2 sedangkan isolat AP05 dan AP09 masing-masing 100 % mirip dengan Gibberella intermedia TS08-165-2 dan Fusarium phaseoli PR1