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    Populasi Cendawan dan Toksigenitas Galur-Galur Aspergillus Flavus pada Lahan Perkebunan Kakao dan Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

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    Date
    2021
    Author
    Purnamasari, Novia
    Advisor(s)
    Nurtjahja, Kiki
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    Abstract
    Cocoa beans are one of the important agricultural commodities in Indonesia the quality of cacao beans in Indonesia still relatively low. One of the factors that determine quality of cocoa beans is fungal contaminant, especially Aspergillus flavus. Fungal infections on cocoa beans not only physically spoilaged, but can also produce mycotoxins, particularly aflatoxin that harmful to human health. This study aimed to determine fungal population and the toxigenicity of A. flavus strains on cocoa plantation and cocoa beans. The cocoa beans used were obtained from subsistence in Kaban Jahe District, Karo Regency, North Sumatera. Fungal population on soil and cocoa beans was determined by serial dilution on 18% Dichloran Glycerol Agar (DG18) medium. The percentage of fungal infection on cocoa beans was determined by direct planting on DG18 medium. Toxygenicity of Aspergillus flavus was determinad qualitatively Coconut Agar Medium (CAM) 10% and quantitatively was conducted Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that there was a 9% correlation between the fungal population on plantation soil and cocoa beans. The highest percentage fungal population was found on plantation soils and dominated by the genus Aspergillus. There were 21 strains of A. flavus isolated, 13 of which showed toxigenic properties. Based on the quantitative toxicity test, it was found that 3 strains were detected to produce aflatoxins B1 up to 30.0 μg/kg.
     
    Biji kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas penting pertanian Indonesia yang mutunya masih tergolong rendah. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan mutu biji kakao yaitu adanya serangan cendawan pengkontaminan terutama oleh Aspergillus flavus. Serangan cendawan pada biji kakao tidak hanya merusak secara fisik, namun juga dapat menghasilkan mikotoksin salah satunya aflatoksin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui populasi cendawan dan toksigenitas galur-galur A. flavus pada tanah perkebunan dan biji kakao. Biji kakao yang digunakan diperoleh dari dari petani di Kecamatan Kaban Jahe, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara. Populasi cendawan ditentukan dengan pengenceran bertingkat pada medium Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18). Persentase serangan cendawan pada biji kakao ditentukan dengan penanaman langsung biji kakao pada medium DG18. Penentuan toksigenitas A. flavus dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Secara kualitatif dilakukan pada Coconut Agar Medium (CAM) 10% dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya korelasi antara populasi cendawan pada tanah perkebunan dan biji kakao sebesar 9%. Populasi cendawan tertinggi ditemukan pada tanah perkebunan dan didominasi oleh genus Aspergillus. Galur A. flavus yang berhasil diisolasi yaitu sebanyak 21 galur, 13 galur di antaranya bersifat toksigen (penghasil afaltoksin). Berdasarkan uji toksigenitas secara kuantitatif ditemukan 3 galur terdeteksi menghasilkan aflatoksin B1 hingga mencapai 30.0 μg/kg.

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    https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/46355
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV