Kemampuan Antifungi Bakteri Endofit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Ganoderma Boninenese Pat.

Abstract

A study on ”Bioassay Antifungal effect of Endophytic Bacteria of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Againts Ganoderma boninense Pat. has been conducted in Microbiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences University of Sumatera Utara. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanism of endophytic bacteria of oil palm againts G. boninense. Three endophytic bacteria that showed potential antagonistic have been detected their chitinolytic, glukanolytic and fungal cell wall lytic of G. boninense. The result showed that all bacteria didn’t have chitinolytic activities which was shown by no clear zone observed. Meanwhile, their glucanolytic activities were bacteria PS34A was 15.95 mm followed by PS35A was 13.75 mm and PS38D was 1.70 mm. Two different media were used as bioassays to fungal cell wall lytic of G. boninense use. Bioassay of lysis hypha G. boninense indicated the presence of abnormal hypha. There were swollen, curly, and lysis of hypha G. boninense. The lysis of fungal cell wall was observed on the presence of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosa that released into medium after 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of incubation. The test of extract methanol of endophytic bacteria were conducted by Kirby-bauer method. The results indicated that the ability of methanol extract againts G. boninense from isolate PS38D was highest than extract methanol of isolate PS34A and PS35A. PS38D had inhibition 8.3 mm whereas PS34A was 4.8 mm and PS35A was 6.3 mm respectively. It could be sugeshed that mechanism of antifungal activities of PS34A and PS35A was enzymatic while PS38D was antifungal activity.

Penelitian tentang “Kemampuan Antifungi Bakteri Endofit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jack. Terhadap Ganoderma boninense Pat. telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Departemen Biologi, FMIPA USU. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mekanisme penghambatan bakteri endofit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) terhadap G. boninense. Tiga bakteri endofit yang berpotensi antagonis dideteksi kemampuan kitinolitik, glukanolitik dan lisis terhadap G. boninense. Dari hasil kitinolitik ketiga bakteri endofit tidak menunjukkan zona bening. Hasil glukanolitik terbesar yaitu bakteri PS34A sebesar 15,95 mm diikuti oleh PS35A sebesar 13,75 mm dan PS38D sebesar 1,705 mm. Uji lisis hifa G. boninense menggunakan dua jenis media yang berbeda. Uji lisis hifa G. boninense mengakibatkan hifa G. boninense mengalami keabnormalan, diantaranya pembengkakan pada hifa G. boninense, hifa yang mengkerut, percabangan dini dan hifa G. boninense lisis. Lisisnya dinding sel jamur G. boninense, ditandainya adanya N-asetil glukosamin (NAG) dan glukosa yang dibebaskan ke dalam medium. Pengujian ekstrak metanol isolat bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan metode Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya hambat ekstrak metanol bakteri PS38D lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak metanol bakteri PS34A dan PS35A yaitu 8,3 mm, sedangkan PS34A sebesar 4,8 mm dan PS35A sebesar 6,3 mm. Kemungkinan mekanisme dari bakteri PS34A dan PS34A adalah secara enzimatis, sedangkan PS38D secara antifungi.