Keanekaragaman Kerang (Bivalvia) di Perairan Pantai Pematang Matik, Desa Lubuk Saban Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Pematang Matik beach is an area that has a water zone whose area is located between the highest and lowest tides as well as the existence of various community activities in the area. This study aims to analyze the bivalves community structure and the relationship between the structure and physicochemical factors. This research was conducted in Pematang Matik Coastal Waters in June-July 2021. The sampling of location was determined using purposive sampling method at 3 stations. While bivalves were collected at 9 different points per station. The results obtained were 6 species of bivalves, namely Meretrix meretrix, Meretrix lusoria, Phapia undulata, Anadara antiquata, Anadara gubernaculum and Perna viridis. Species densities ranged from 5.1-10.5 ind/m². Diversity index ranged from 1.56-1.69 considered as the low category. Uniformity index ranged from 0.72-0.96 which was categorized as relatively uniform. Dominance index ranged from 0.18-0.21 with no species dominant category. The correlation value between the bivalve diversity index and the physical and chemical factors of water temperature, depth, pH and salinity was very strong and the correlation analysis value of DO, BOD5, phosphate and COrganic was quite strong.

Pantai Pematang Matik merupakan daerah yang memiliki zona perairan yang luasnya terletak antara pasang tertinggi dan surut terendah serta terdapatnya berbagai aktivitas masyarakat di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas bivalvia dan hubungan faktor fisik-kimianya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Pantai Pematang Matik pada bulan Juni-Juli 2021. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada 3 stasiun. Pengambilan bivalvia pada 9 titik setiap stasiun. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah 6 spesies bivalvia yaitu Meretrix meretrix, Meretrix lusoria, Phapia undulata, Anadara antiquata, Anadara gubernaculum dan Perna viridis. Kepadatan berkisar antara 5,1-10,5 ind/m². Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar 1,56-1,59 termasuk kategori sedang. Indeks keseragaman berkisar 0,72-0,96 dengan kategori setiap spesies relatif merata. Indeks dominansi berkisar 0,18-0,21 dengan kategori tidak ada yang mendominasi. Nilai korelasi antara indeks keanekaragaman bivalvia dan faktor fisikkimia perairan suhu, kedalaman, pH dan salinitas tergolong sangat kuat dan nilai analisis korelasi DO, BOD5, fosfat dan C-Organik tergolong kuat.