Pengaruh Perendaman Kawat Ortodonti Stainless Steel dan Nikel Titanium dalam Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Terhadap Laju Korosi dan Pelepasan Ion Nikel

Abstract

Background: Stainless steel and nickel titanium orthodontic wires can undergo a process of corrosion in the oral cavity. Corrosion is characterized by the release of nickel ions in orthodontic wires. The presence of corrosion inhibitors can inhibit the corrosion rate and nickel ion release. Guava leaf extract contains tannin which can inhibit the corrosion rate. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of immersing stainless steel and nickel titanium orthodontic wires in guava leaf extract on the corrosion rate and nickel ion release which were immersed for 10, 20, and 30 days. Methods: stainless steel and nickel titanium 0.16x0.22” wire was cut 40 mm long. Stainless steel wire is divided into groups I to group XII, while nickel titanium wire is divided into groups XIII to group XXIV. Each group consists of 5 samples. All groups were weighed initially. Groups I-III and XIII-XV were immersed in artificial saliva, Groups IV-VI and XIV-XVIII were immersed in artificial saliva and 200 ppm guava leaf extract, Groups VII-IX and XIX-XXI were immersed in artificial saliva and guava leaf extract. 600 ppm, groups X-XII and groups XXII-XXIV were immersed in artificial saliva and 1000 ppm guava leaf extract. Group I, IV, VII, X, XIII, XVI, XIX, XXII were soaked for 10 days. Groups II, V, VIII, XI, XIV, XVII, XX, and XXIII were soaked for 20 days. Group III, VI, IX, XII, XV, XVIII, XXI, XXIV were soaked for 30 days. After soaking all groups were weighed finally. Then the corrosion rate is calculated. Stainless steel and nikel titanium wires were checked for nickel ion release using an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Results: Based on regression linear analysis for the corrosion rate was a constant value of 0.168, the value of the regression coefficient of the wire type (X1 )is -0.029, the regression coefficient value of the guava leaf extract concentration (X2) is -0.028, the regression coefficient value of the immersion time (X3) is -0.007. The coefficient of determination of the corrosion rate is 0.505. The regression equation obtained for the release of nickel ions is a constant value of -0.070, the regression coefficient value of the type of wire (X1) is 0.059, the regression coefficient value of the guava leaf extract concentration (X2) is 0.004, the regression coefficient value of the immersion time (X3) is 0.002. The coefficient of determination of nickel ion release was 0.979.

Latar Belakang: Kawat ortodonti stainless steel dan nikel titanium dapat mengalami korosi di dalam rongga mulut. Korosi ditandai dengan pelepasan ion nikel pada kawat ortodonti. Adanya inhibitor korosi dapat menghambat terjadinya laju korosi dan pelepasan ion nikel. Ekstrak daun jambu biji mengandung tanin yang dapat menghambat laju korosi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh perendaman kawat ortodonti stainless steel dan nikel titanium didalam ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap laju korosi dan pelepasan ion nikel yang direndam selama 10, 20, dan 30 hari. Metode Penelitian: Kawat stainless steel dan nikel titanium 0,16x0,22” dipotong sepanjang 40 mm. Kawat stainlees steel dibagi ke dalam kelompok I sampai kelompok XII sedangkan kawat nikel titanium dibagi ke dalam kelompok XIII sampai kelompok XXIV. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 sampel. Semua kelompok ditimbang berat awalnya. Kelompok I-III dan XIII-XV direndam dalam saliva buatan, Kelompok IV-VI dan XVI-XVIII direndam dalam saliva buatan dan ekstrak daun jambu biji 200 ppm, Kelompok VII-IX dan XIX-XXI direndam dalam saliva buatan dan ekstrak daun jambu biji 600 ppm, kelompok X-XII dan kelompok XXII-XXIV direndam dalam saliva buatan dan estrak daun jambu biji 1000 ppm. Kelompok I, IV, VII, X, XIII, XVI, XIX, XXII direndam selama 10 hari. Kelompok II,V, VIII, XI, XIV, XVII, XX,dan XXIII direndam selama 20 hari. Kelompok III, VI, IX, XII, XV, XVIII, XXI, XXIV direndam selama 30 hari. Setelah direndam semua kelompok ditimbang berat akhirnya. Kemudian dihitung laju korosinya. Hasil rendaman kawat diperiksa pelepasan ion nikelnya menggunakan alat Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Hasil: Persamaan regresi yang didapatkan pada laju korosi yaitu nilai konstanta 0,168, Nilai koefisien regresi dari jenis kawat (X1) sebesar -0,029, nilai koefisien regresi dari konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji (X2) sebesar -0,028, nilai koefisien regresi dari waktu perendaman (X3) sebesar -0,007. Koefisien determinasi laju korosi diperoleh 0,505. Persamaan regresi yang didapatkan pada pelepasan ion nikel yaitu nilai konstanta - 0,070, nilai koefisien regresi dari jenis kawat (X1) sebesar 0,059, nilai koefisien regresi dari konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji (X2) sebesar 0,004, nilai koefisien regresi dari waktu perendaman (X3) sebesar 0,002. Koefisien determinasi pelepasan ion nikel diperoleh 0,979.