Analisis Efektivitas Nanoherbal Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium) dan Nanoherbal Daun Haramonting (Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa) terhadap Luka Bakar Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus L.) Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The prolonged burn wound healing time caused by hyperglycemia has caused damage or decreased production of cytokines, including growth factors and receptors, thus interfering with macrophage function, angiogenesis, proliferation, fibroblast migration, and molecular mechanisms. Natural herbs that can be used to treat diabetic burn wounds are Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and Haramonting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Both are typical North Sumatera plants that contain alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of nanoherbal andaliman fruit and haramonting leaf against burn wounds of diabetic rat. This study used 100 rat which were divided into 4 (four) groups; the First group was rat with diabetic burn wound without any treatments, the second group was rat with diabetic burn wound treated by Bioplacenton®, the third group was rat with diabetic burn wound treated with nano herbal andaliman, and the fourth group was rat with diabetic burn wound treated with nano herbal haramonting. Treatment and surgery were carried out on the 0th, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th day. Skin tissue was observed using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Immunohistochemical staining to analyze the expression of IL-1β, bFGF, and VEGF. The results of this study showed that administration of nanoherbal andaliman fruit and haramonting leaf can effective in reducing IL-1β expression (p <0.05) on day 16th, increasing bFGF expression (p <0.05) significantly on day 16th and increasing VEGF expression (p< 0.05) on the 16th day, where the group given nanoherbal haramonting was more effective than the nanoherbal andaliman group because metabolites content in nanoherbal haramonting was higher than that in andaliman nanoherbal. The results of cell histology that were initially stretched and damaged had undergone proliferation, differentiation and regularly form new cells, thus the epithelialization process can be performed properly. The conclusion of this study has shown that nanoherbal andaliman and haramonting have valuable potential and have proven for being quite effective in reducing IL-1β expression, increasing bFGF and VEGF in burns of diabetic rat.

Hiperglikemia menyebabkan rusak atau menurunnya produksi sitokin termasuk growth factor dan reseptornya, sehingga mengganggu fungsi sel makrofag, proses angiogenesis, proliferasi, migrasi fibroblas dan mekanisme secara molekuler. Lamanya proses penyembuhan luka pada diabetes mellitus akibat kondisi hiperglikemia yang berkepanjangan dan pembentukan jaringan granulasi yang tidak sempurna. Herbal alam yang dapat digunakan dalam penyembuhan luka bakar pada diabetes mellitus adalah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) dan Haramonting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Kedua tanaman ini merupakan tanaman khas Sumatera Utara yang memiliki kandungan alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas nanoherbal buah andaliman dan daun haramonting terhadap luka bakar tikus diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 ekor tikus yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu tikus luka bakar diabetes tanpa diberi perlakuan, tikus luka bakar diabetes yang diberi bioplacenton, tikus luka bakar diabetes diberi nanoherbal buah andaliman dan tikus luka bakar diabetes diberi nanoherbal daun haramonting. Perlakuan dan pembedahan hewan coba dilakukan pengamatan pada hari ke-0, ke-4, ke-8, ke-12 dan ke-16. Pembuatan preparat jaringan kulit menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin dan metode imunohistokimia untuk menganalisis ekspresi IL-1β, bFGF dan VEGF. Hasil penelitian secara signifikan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian nanoherbal daun haramonting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) lebih efektif dari buah andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) dalam menurunkan ekspresi protein IL-1β (p=0,000, p<0,05), meningkatkan ekspresi protein bFGF (p=0,000, p<0,05) dan meningkatkan ekspresi protein VEGF (p=0,000, p<0,05) pada tikus luka bakar diabetes mellitus pada hari ke-16. Hasil histologi sel yang mulanya tampak renggang dan rusak mengalami proliferasi, differensiasi dan membentuk sel baru secara teratur sehingga proses epitelisasi terbentuk dengan baik.