Kajian Integrasi Tanaman Padi Sawah dan Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

The conversion of rain-fed and irrigated rice into oil palm plantations are a circumstance that occurs in Indonesia, North Sumatra, especially in the Deli Serdang and North Labuhanbatu Districts. This is difficult to be blocked although the government has announced regulations with various regulations. The application of available land on immature- and mature-oil palm has often been conducted by farmers to cultivate rice as intercropping. However, cultivation technology and yields of rice are still lower. The productive track to controlling this trouble is developing of cultivation techniques for rice in the smallholder and plantation of oil palm area. The research consists of four stages. The first stage was aimed to analyze the influence of artificial shade on the agronomic, physiological and yield characters of rice varieties. The first stage was used the split-plot design with the main-plot is shade-treated (0%, 25%, 50%), the sub-plot is varieties such as new superior varieties (Inpara 2, Suluttan Unsrat 2, Inpari Mugibat, Inpari Sidenuk, Mekongga, Ciherang, Cibogo, Inpari 10, Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 30) and local rice varieties (Kuku Balam, Ramos, and Sigodang) in the irrigated rice land, Experimental Field of Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Pasar Miring, Pasar Miring Village, Pagar Merbau Sub-district, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra Province. The research variables such as the vegetative components (plant height, number of tillers.clumps-1, and leaf area), the physiological components (chlorophyll content, percentage of grain moisture content, fresh weight of rice stover.clump-1, and dry weight of rice stover.clump- 1), and the yield component (number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grain.panicle-1, percentage of filled grain, percentage of empty grain, 1000 grains weight, yield grain.plot-1, yield.ha-1, and shade stress index). The second stage was aimed to obtain the effect of irrigated rice with smallholder-oil palm immature-1 by plant spacing on the number of oil palm to the agronomic, physiological and yield components of rice varieties. The second stage was used the split-split plot design with the main-plot is number of oil palm (P1: 100% = 143 plants.ha-1, P2: 75% = 107 plants.ha-1, P3: 50% = 72 plants.ha-1), the sub-plot is row planting systems (Legowo 2:1, Legowo 4:1, Tegal 20 x 20 and Tegal 25 x 25), and the sub-sub plot is rice varieties (Kuku Balam, Ramos, Inpari 10, Inpari Sidenuk) were conducted in rain-fed rice which was converted to immature-1 of oil palm (4 years) in the Tiga-Tiga Sub-village, Sungai Sentang Village, Kualuh Hilir Subdistrict, North Labuhanbatu District. The research variables such as the vegetative components (plant height, number of tillers.clumps-1, and leaf area), the physiological components (chlorophyll content, harvest index, fresh weight of rice stover.clump-1, and dry weight of rice stover.clump-1), and the yield components (number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grain.panicle-1, percentage of filled grain, percentage of empty grain, 1000 grains weight, yield grain.plot-1, and yield.ha