| dc.description.abstract | Language is a system of sound's sign which is used by human to communicate and cooperate. Human can produce language sound because of the air that moves and touches the human's vocal oran/organ of speech, such as lungs, mouth (palate, tongue, teeth, gum, lips). The realization of the acoustics characteristics are influenced by the thick or the thin of the sound's vocal cord. This research is made to the Batak Toba people in Humbang Hasundutan. And for this research the instrumental or the experimental approach is being used. By using the purposive sampling as the method, there are 24 person as samples (12 males and 12 females). The data is a narration, in 3 modus, they are : declarative, interrogative, and imperative. The sentences target are 9 sentences. And to find the data recording system is held. Then, the data are processed in 3 way; digital process, segmentation process, and the stilisation process. Then, the program which is used to measure the data is The Praat 4. 1.07 Program. And the last, to analyze whether the data is significant or not, the statistic's analysis is being held that is the t-test with the Shapiro Wilk approach. The numer of significant is ≤ 0,05, this means that there are significant differences, while the ≤ 0,01 idicates the differences are very real, true significant. The acoustic's characteristic which are analyzed here, are the temporal and the melodic structure and also to know these characteristics are used to differentiate gender. Theory which is used here is the Acoustic's Phonetic theory by Van Heuven and Sugiyono. The findings show that the average amount of the temporal characteristic in Toba language are different, where the female needs longer time that the male. And the average amount shows that the female's frequency is higher that the male's. the statistics analysis shows that the temporal characteristic in all modus of utterances are not significant to be used because p>0,05 except the imperative invitation (p=0,10). In the initial pitch of the total contour, p<0,01,
which means that the differences are significant. Mean while on the final pitch, causal interrogative, (p=0,040) and timing interrogative (p=0,026) that indicates that there are significant differences. In declarative, nominal interrogative, tailed interrogative, order imperative, request imperative, prohibition imperative, and invitation imperative, p≤ 0,01, indicates significant differences, very real, very true. On the causal interrogative (p=0,029) indicates the significant differences on the peak(s). So, we can conclude that temporal characteristic on female and male in all modus, are not significant to be used as the differenciate factors, except the invitation imperative (p=0,010) while the melodic structures (initial pitch, final pitch, peak(s), low pitch) in all modus in Toba language can be used as the differences. | en_US |
