Model Penataan Ruang Berkelanjutan Berbasis Mitigasi Bencana di Kawasan Pesisir Kota Banda Aceh

Abstract

Spatial planning aims to create a safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable regional space. The goal will be achieved if the potential hazards can be reduced because sustainability and disaster mitigation are intrinsically interrelated. This research is a type of development research that aims to build a model of spatial planning in coastal areas within the framework of sustainable regional development by considering disaster aspects. The model is built through four analytical tools, namely: sustainability, land suitability, tidal inundation prone, and tsunami inundation prone. The research stage begins with analyzing the sustainability status of the coastal area of Banda Aceh City, making land suitability classifications, predicting the level of vulnerability to tidal inundation and tsunamis. The results of the sustainability analysis identified 28 sensitive attributes that have a major effect on improving the sustainability status and 20 non-sensitive attributes that need intervention. The results of the land suitability analysis identify the level of land suitability for mangrove forest areas and aquaculture areas in the suitable category (S2). The results of the tidal inundation prone analysis identified that in 2119 (100 years scenario) 30.95% of the area of Banda City was prone to tidal inundation, and the results of the tsunami inundation prone analysis identified an earthquake magnitude of 8.0 SR (level-1 tsunami), the level of tsunami inundation high threat (R3) covering an area of 29.42%, medium threat level (R2) covering 52.01%, and low threat level (R1) covering an area of 20.31% of Banda Aceh City. Based on the formulation of the results of the analysis of the four components, a sustainable spatial planning model based on coastal disaster mitigation of Banda Aceh City is obtained in the form of a multi-layer tsunami defense system by combining sea dike, mangrove forest, coastal forest, silvofishery, and elevated road.