Kekerabatan Bahasa Pesisir Barus, Bahasa Pesisir Singkuang dan Bahasa Batak Toba

Abstract

The objective of the research is to find out the kinship relation of BPB (Barus Coastal Language), BPS (Singkuang Coastal Language), and BBT (Batak Toba Language) and to analyze the linear heritage and local phoneme innovation and proto consonant of the Austronesia languages in these three languages. The research uses mixed methods by combining quantitative method to analyze the kinship of the three languages above and qualitative method to analyze the linear heritage and the proto vowel innovation the Austronesia language of the three languages above. The data are gathered by conducting interview and using listening method by using tapping and recording techniques. They consist of 300 basic words which come from oral and written data of the speakers. The result of the research shows that 1) the kinship vocabulary of BPB and BPS is 254 words and non-kinship vocabulary is 39 words. The kinship vocabulary of BPB and BBT is 109 words and non-kinship vocabulary is 184 words. The kinship vocabulary of BPS and BBT is 106 words and non-kinship vocabulary is 187 words BPB and BPs begins to separate from the proto language from 1451AD to 1508AD (counted from 2021). BPB and BBT begins to separate from proto language from 389BC to 269BC (counted from 2021). Meanwhile, BPS and BBT begins to separate from proto language from 457 BC to 333BC (counted from 2021). 2) PAN vowel and consonant phoneme heritage in the three languages is PAN vowel phoneme linear heritage in BPB, BPS, and BBT, which, in linear was */a/, */e/, */i/, */u/ and PAN vowel phoneme innovation heritage in BPB, BPS, and BBT is */a/→/o/, */e/→/i/, */u/→/o/, */e/→/o/. PAN consonant phoneme linear heritage in BPB, BPS, and BBT is */b/, */d/, */g/, */j/, */k/, */l/, */m/, */n/, */p/, */r/, */s/, */t/, */ŋ/ and PAN consonant phoneme innovation heritage in BPB, BPS, and BBT is */G/→/ŋ/, */j/→/?/, */t/→/?/, */k/→/h/, */d/→/ik/→/t/. From this research, it is found that the percentage of kinship vocabulary of BPB, BPS, and BBT is varied. The percentage kinship vocabulary between BPB and BPS is 80% which is called, family status, BPB and BBT is 37% which is called, stock status, and BPS and BBT is 36% which is the smallest percentage and called, stock status. Based on the percentage comparison, it is concluded that BPB and BPS have the closer level of kinship than that of BPB and BBT and of BPS and BBT