Pengolahan Sludge Primer dan Abu Boiler dari Pabrik Pulp Sebagai Mikrofiller Panel Busa Komposit Penyerap Suara Berbasis Polistirena

Abstract

Effort to utilize and improve the value of pulp waste was done by using boiler ash and primary sludge (still containing cellulose) being a filler to produce composite foam polystyrene (PS)-based as sound absorbent. In this study, primary sludge of pulp factory (SPPP) and boiler ash of pulp factory (ABPP) was prepared as a filler for polymer composite. Composite foam PS was produced by mixing SPPP and ABPP with several compositions such as PS, PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge (80/10/10), PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler (80/10/7/3), PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler (80/10/5/5), PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler (75/10/10/5), dan PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler (75/10/12/3), PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler/Poliuretan (75/10/5/5/5) and PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler/Poliuretan (75:10:5:5:10). The composite was characterized based on ISO 11654:1997 and conventional method such as mechanical properties, thermal analysis using DTA and TGA, morphology analysis using SEM, crystallinity using XRD, and chemical analysis using FTIR. The results showed that sludge had 1 crystalline polymorph of cellulose from pulp. The sound-absorbing composites produced have qualified ISO 11654:1997 about the rating level of the sound absorption coefficient on materials for rooms with sound absorption classes D and C which the value of w was 0.328-0.793. The addition of polyurethane into the sound-absorbing composite showed optimum results compared to other compositions, PS/PS-g-MA/Sludge/Abu boiler (75/10/5/5/5) with a tensile value of 4.499 MPa, elongation at break 0.476%, a decomposition temperature of 480.28oC with a heat of combustion of 12.94 cal/g and a residual percent of 12.1%. The chemical reaction was occurred during the mixing process which was seen by the new chemical bonds formed in the FT-IR results. The peak at 1600.44 cm-1 was widen indicating the presence of C=C functional group of maleic anhydride with polymer and filler. SEM micrographs showed that filler was finely distributed and dispersed to the matrix and there was no agglomeration observed.