Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbasis Serbuk Daun Pisang Batu dan Carboxymethyl Cellulosa (CMC) yang diperkuat oleh Gum Arabic

Abstract

The bioplastic have been created by using mixture of material : stone banana leaves powder, carboxymethyl cellulosa, and gum arabic through a melt intercalation with variation of composition stone banana leaves powder : carboxymethyl cellulosa : gum arabic 80%:15%:5%, 75%:15%:10%, 70%:15%:15%, 65%:15%:20%, 60%:15%:25%, and 55%:15%:30%wt. The sample fabrication was done in three step. The first step of banana stone leaves is treated using a steam explosion method, then stone banana leaves, carboxymethyl cellulosa, and gum arabic powder sifted with particle of size 100 mesh. Then, powder is mixed about 30 minutes with wet mixing method. Second step, the powder was homogenized then it moulded with a glass mould and cooled. Third step, bioplastic sheets has been cold, then compacted to flatten the surface with a mesh of 200 mesh at a pressure of 1 atm held for 20 minutes at 60 °C. The bioplastic sampel were characterized such as : physical properties (density, water absorption, biodegredability and functional groups) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation and modulus of Young). The characterization result show that the optimum composition of stone banana leaves powder : carboxymethyl cellulosa : gum arabic 55%:15%:30%wt had the highest density 1,601 x 103 kg/m3, water absorption 10,247%, and biodegredability 99,2% for 45 days. Mechanical properties with tensile strength 35,71 MPa, elongation break 273,14% and elastic modulus 130,378 MPa. Thermal properties with melting point 302.45 oC whose characterization results have fulfilled the standard of SNI 7188.7: 2016. The result of its characterization has fulfilled the standard of SNI 7188.7: 2016. The results of bioplastic based stone banana leaves and CMC composite reinforced gum arabic can be applied as packaging, and straws.

Telah dibuat bioplastik dari campuran bahan baku : serbuk daun pisang batu, CMC dan gum arabic melalui metode melt intercalation dengan variasi komposisi serbuk daun pisang batu : CMC : gum arabic 80%:15%:5%, 75%:15%:10%, 70%:15%:15%, 65%:15%:20%, 60%:15%:25%, dan 55%:15%:30%wt. Pembuatan sampel dilakukan tiga tahap. Tahap pertama daun pisang batu ditreatment menggunakan metode ledakan uap, kemudian serbuk daun pisang batu, CMC dan gum arabic diayak dengan ukuran partikel 100 mesh kemudian serbuk tersebut dicampur sampai homogen selama 30 menit dengan metode pencampuran basah. Tahap kedua serbuk yang telah tercampur homogen dicetak dengan cetakan kaca dan didinginkan. Tahap ketiga lembaran bioplastik yang telah dingin kemudian dikompaksi agar meratakan permukaan dengan wayer mesh ukuran 200 mesh pada tekanan 1 atm ditahan 20 menit pada suhu 60 oC. Masing-masing sampel bioplastik yang telah siap dikarakterisasi yang meliputi : sifat fisis (densitas, daya serap air, biodegredabilitas dan gugus fungsi) dan sifat mekanik (kuat tarik, perpanjangan putus dan modulus young). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa serbuk daun pisang batu : CMC : gum arabic yang optimum yaitu 55%:15%:30%wt dengan nilai densitas 1,601 x 103 kg/m3, daya serap air 10,247%, dan biodegredabilitas 99,2% selama 45 hari. Sifat mekanik dengan kuat tarik 35,71 MPa, perpanjangan putus 273,14% dan modulus elastisitas 130,378 MPa. Sifat termal dengan titik leleh 302,45 oC yang hasil karakterisasinya telah memenuhi standar SNI 7188.7:2016. Hasil dari bioplastik berbasis komposit serbuk daun pisang dan CMC yang diperkuat gum arabic dapat diaplikasikan sebagai kemasan, dan sedotan.