Sintesis Alkanolamida dari Minyak Jarak (Ricinus Communis Linn) Sebagai Sumber Poliol dan Pemanfaatannya untuk Pembuatan Poliuretan

Abstract

Polymerisation between polyol compound with isocyanate can produce polyuretan that had different forms and uses. Polyol that used in this case can be sourced from nature and also results from synthesis.The purpose of this research was utilized the alcanolamida resulted by amidation from castor oil as the source of polyol reacted with toluene diisocyanate to produce polyuretan. The castor oil that isolated from castor seeds (Ricinus communis Linn) was reacted with dietanolamina using NaOCH3 as catalyst in methanol as a solvent at 70-800C to produce alkanolamida. Alkanolamida (polyol) that formed after purified confirmated by FT-IR spectroscopy, and then polyol from each of castor oil was reacted with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at ratio 8 :2; 7:3, 6:4 and 5 : 5 (v/v) through stirring at open system at 450C to produce polyuretan.Characterization of reaction products was observed visually and followed by determination of gel content, density, and confirmation structure by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. Product of reaction from alkanolamida with TDI from each mixing ration produce polyuretan foam with gel contain between 62,97 up to 90,00 percent and density between 0,0 26 up to 0,136 kg/cm3, where increasing of TDI ratio the gel content was higher while the foam density produced was lower. As well as using polyol of castor oil produced solid polyuretan with gel content between 96,51 up to 99,35 percent where with the increase of TDI ratio that used, gel content value was increasing. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis resulted of polyuretan foam was marked with vibration peaks at 3400-3300 cm-1, 1730-1710 cm-1 and 1590-1540 cm-1 that show the characteristics of uretan groups.