Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L) pada Berbagai Jarak Tanam

Abstract

This research was conducted in the Experiment Plot of Agricultural Faculty ofthe Nonh Sumatra Islamic University (UISU) in the village of Pangkalan Masyhur, subdistrict of Medan Johor, with dre flat surface topography at the elevation of + 25 metres above sea level. Objective of this research was to find the effects of varieties and distance of planting space on the growth and production of maize crops. This research implemented the Split Plot Desigr (SPD), comprises of 20 treatment combinations, of which, each of the combination was replicated 3 times. The variety factor as the main plot, content of 4 kind of varieties, i.e V1 (local variety), V2 (Bisma free hybrid), V3 (Bisi l0) and V+ (P 2l), while the factor of planting space distance as sub-plot, content of5 level ofdistances, i.e K1 (30 cm x 40 crn = 83.333 plantVha), K2 (40 cm x 40 cm = 62.500 plantVha), K3 (50 cm x 40 cm = 50.000 plants/ha), Ka (60 cm x 40 cm= 41.667 plants/ha) and P5 (70 cm x 40 cm = 35.700 plantVha). The paameters observed were the height ofplants (cm), total leaf area (cm2), leaf area index (LAI), d.y weight of plant (g/plants), crop growth rare (g/week), net assimilation rate (g/cm2lweek), dry wtight of weed (g/o.s m2), cost of weed control and dry weight of crops production ftg/ha). Report of the research indicated that the treatment of varieties significantly affected the height of the plants at the age 2-8 weeks after planting. Total leaf area was sigrificantly a{Iected at the age 2,4 and 6 weeks after planting, but slightlv affected at the age 8 weeks after planting- The leaf area index was not significantly affected at the age 2 weeks after planting. Dry weight of plant was sigrificantly affected at the age 4 and 8 weeks after planting, while at the age 6 weeks after planting were slightly affected, but no sigrificant effects were found at the ag€ of2 weeks after planting. Rate of plant growth was significantly affected at the age 24 and 68 weeks after planting but no significant effects were found at the age 4-6 weeks after planting. Significant effects on the rate of net assimilation was found ar lhe a9e.4-6 weeks after planting, but with just a slight effects was found at tbe age 24 and 6-8 weeks after planting. Sigrificant effects on dry weight ofweeds was found at the age 3 weeks after planting, but without significant effects at the age 6 weeks after planting. The varieties significantly affected the pmduction of maize crops. Planting space sigrificantly affected the height of plant at the age 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting, but no sigrrificant effects was found at the age 2 weeks after planting. Sigrrilicant effects on lhe total leaf area was foun d atthe age2,6 and 8 weeks after planting, but no sigrrificant effects was found at the age 4 weeks after planting. Sigrificant effects on leaf area index was found at the age 2 weeks after planting, but slightly effects found at the age 8 weeks after planting and no significant effects was found at the age 4 and 6 weeks after planting. Significant effects on the plant's dry weight was found at the age 2-8 weeks after planting while significant e{fects on the planr's growth rate were found at the age 24 and 4-6 weeks after planting, but slightly effects were found at the age 6-8 weeks after planting. Significant effects on the rate of net assimilation were found at the age of 2-4 and 4{ weeks after planting, but no significant effects were found at the age 6-8 weeks after planting. Seriously effect on the weed's dry weight was found at the ag€ of 3 and 6 weeks after planting. Planting space significantly affected the production of maize crops. Combination of both factors sigrrificantly affected the height of plants at the age of4 and 6 weeks after planting no sigrificant influence were found at the age of2 and 8 weeks. Significant influence on the total leaf area was found at the age of 2 and 6 weeks after planting, no sigrificant influence were found at the age of4 and 8 weeks after planting. Significant influence on the leaf area index was found at the age of 2 weeks after planting but no significant influence were found at the age of 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Significant influence on the plant's dry weight were found at the age of 2-8 weeks after planting, while significant influence on the plant's growth rate were found at the age 4-6 week after planting. Significant influence on the rate of net assimilation were also found on lhe age 4-6 weeks after plantin& but no significant influence were found at the age 24 and 6-8 weeks after planting. No significant effecls were formd on the weed's dry weight at the age of 3 and 6 weeks after planting, so does on the dry weight of maize crops production. The hybrid variety has its growth potential and production higher than that of Bisma and [.oca[ varieties. The highest production of maize crcps was given by the hybdd variety P 21 (%) followed by hybrid Bisi l0 (Vr), Bisma and Local varieties. The Eeatment of K3 @lanting space of 50 x 40 cm) presented the highest production followed by & (60 x 40 cm), K5 (70 x 40 cm) and K; (30 x 40 cm). The combination of which presented the best growth was the V.tK: (variety of P 2l wirh planting space of 50 x 40 cm) as it has a good capacity to utilize the growth environment at the planting space of 50 x 40 cm