Reaksi Transesterifikasi DPO (Degummed Palm Oil) untuk Menghasilkan Biodiesel Sawit Menggunakan Lipozymetl IM dalam Pelarut Ionic Liquid1-Butyl-3- Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6])

Abstract

One source of vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for biodiesel is Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Crude palm oil (CPO) contains free fatty acids are relatively high ranging from 3 -5 % , while for biodiesel production of free fatty acids must be ≤ 2%. Therefore, in this study needed treatment to reduce the content of free fatty acids in the oil and remove impurities before crude palm oil (CPO) is used as a raw material for biodiesel. Transesterification reaction is a reaction of alternating relatively slow. To accelerate the reaction and increase the yield, the process is done with good stirring, the addition of the catalyst and the provision of excess reactants for the reaction shifts to the right. The selection of the catalyst made by the ease of handling and separation of the product. Enzymatic transesterification method has many advantages such as low reaction conditions lead to less energy consumption. But the use of lipase biocatalyst has some disadvantages, among others, the cost and inactivation by the enzyme acyl acceptor such as methanol. Enzymatic transesterification of vegetable oils in ionic liquids has been demonstrated in producing biodiesel . Ionic liquids as a supporter of enzymatic, creating a catalytic system that can be used in the transesterification of oil into biodiesel. In this study, presented the results of research synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) to the transesterification reaction (the use of methanol as an acyl acceptor) , Lipozyme reuse as a catalyst in a batch reactor and the use of the ionic liquid 1 -butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [ BMIM ][ PF6 ] as a solvent in order to obtain biodiesel as a product, which was analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). As the studies in this research, discussed the influence of ionic liquids on the performance of lipase on reuse. Average decrease in lipase activity best obtained in this study is as much as 4.28% with ionic liquids and lypozime after being used as much as 4 times the molar ratio of reactants condition 1 : 3 molar weight ratio of CPO with the ionic liquid 1 : 1.5, reaction temperature 45 ° C, Lipozyme much as 30% and the reaction time of 6 hours.