Pemanfaatan Biji Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Pada Pembuatan Bioplastik Menggunakan Plasticizer Etilen Glikol dan Pengisi Kitosan

Abstract

Bioplastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as a main ingredient manufacture of plastics has great potential because in Indonesia there are a variety starch crops. Jackfruit seeds can be used as raw material for starch bioplastics. The aim of this study to determine the characteristics of jackfruit seeds and determine the effect of chitosan and ethylene glycol on the physicochemical properties of bioplastics from waste jackfruit seeds. Starch is extracted from jackfruit seeds were then characterized to determine its chemical composition. Also conducted analysis of FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and RVA (Rapid Visco Analyzer) on starch jackfruit seeds. To obtain a starch bioplastics added with ethylene glycol plasticizer and filler chitosan. In the manufacture of bioplastics starch composition jackfruit seeds - chitosan used was 7: 3, 8: 2 and 9: 1 (w / w), while the concentration of ethylene glycol used was 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% dry weight of the material. Bioplastics were analyzed physical and chemical properties, namely density, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, water absorption, FT-IR, SEM, and RVA. Characterization of FT-IR spectra of the jackfruit seed starch obtained O-H groups; C = O; C-O; N-H and C-H, the spectrum obtained chitosan group C-H; C-N; O-H; C = O and C-O, jackfruit seed starch bioplastics spectrum without chitosan obtained O-H groups; C-H; C = O and C-O, starch bioplastics spectrum jackfruit seeds with chitosan derived O-H groups; C-H; C = O; C-O and N H3. The results of mechanical tests is further supported by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing jackfruit seed starch has a small granule size with the size of 6.5 μm and in bioplastics with filler and plasticizer ethylene glycol chitosan their surfaces smooth and soft and little voids compared bioplastics without fillers and plasticizers ethylene glycol chitosan. From the analysis of jackfruit seed starch obtained water content of 6.04%, ash content of 1.08%, the starch content of 70.22%, 16.39% amylose content, amylopectin content of 53.83%, 4.68% protein content, fat content 0.54%, gelatinization temperature of 88.82 ° C with a peak of 3276.5 cP viscosity and the best conditions of starch bioplastics jackfruit seeds obtained at a ratio of starch: chitosan (w / w) = 8: 2 and the concentration of ethylene glycol plasticizer 35% with a density value of 1.058 g / cm3, 28.271 MPa tensile strength, elongation at break 1,999%, 43.581 MPa Young's modulus and water absorption 48.91%.